Teaching Philosophy :: Education Learning School Essays

Teaching Philosophy Teaching is learning twice over. I see that learning can be done in many distinguishable capacities however, it takes a strong blend of certain personal characteristics and instructional techniques to become an effectual teacher. In a perfect world, I could stand in front of a gathering of physical education students and teach them successfully how to dribble a basketball or throw a baseball, but it is much more difficult than that. Students are as different as snowflakes, each with many characteristics different than the next. To apply the analogy of a key and lock, the key being the presentation of the material and the lock being the students, I feel that many teachers try to use the same key on 25 different locks. It is up to the teacher do away with the here is the materiallearn it method of teaching and set about considering the differences between one students ability to learn to the next. I believe in having a strong relati onship with my students. I want them to be in a classroom where they know someone cares about them and that the teacher is non just earning a paycheck. By demonstrating a certain level of lenience for your students, they feel more comfortable with you as a teacher. By nurturing their open minds, a teacher can be successful. It is important to permit the students ask questions and let them think for themselves. At a young age, children are full of imagination and ideas, and too often teachers take their intuitive instinct away from them by not letting them share their ideas or punishing them when they make a mistake out of the exploration of their imagination. I believe that setting goals has got me where I am like a shot and that the concept of goal setting should be instructed and reinforced. Without goals students are apt to stray from little educational endeavors that end up being the little holes that sunk the king-sized ship. In high school, I was a student who was at the top of the class in subjects that I enjoyed and mediocre in subjects that I did not grow appealing.

Harriet Jacobs :: essays research papers fc

In the stories expressed by Harriet Jacobs, through the mindset of Linda Brent, any(prenominal) harsh realities were revealed about slavery. Ive always known slavery existed and that it was a very immoral act. But never before have I been introduced to veridical events that occurred. Thought the book Linda expresses how she wasnt the worst off. Not to say her life wasnt difficult, but she acknowledged that she knows she was not treated as bad as others. Lindas life was without knowing she was a slave until she was bout six years old. Her father was skilled craftsmen and so his was allowed to work for his profit as prospicient as he gave half to his master. Lindas mother died when Linda was young, so her maternal gran took car of her and her brother William. Her grandmother had been freed by an elderly white woman. aunty Martha, as was known, was very loved by many including whites and blacks especially by Linda. As soon as she realized her fate in slavery her grandmother became her only female figure of who she really loved and trusted. As slavery became more and more a part of Lindas life began to soon transmute as she learned that she was owned by a white master and his mistress and that she was to do exactly what they asked of her without exception or question. Black slaves were not seen as humans but merely as proportion who served as servants. They could not accumulate property or belongings or indorsement because they too were property often compared to chattel. No man or woman had any value except for the price tag placed on them when they entered the bidding block. However, the raft was different for a man than for a woman in slavery. For a black man, slavery meant long hours everyday, having a family But not having any authority amongst it, dealing with the constant reminder that he as a slave could not protect his wife or children form any harm through by the master, and that if he ever disobeyed he would be beat or killed and there would not hing that could be done in his defense. His long hours worked would never translate money for the benefit of his family. His family was supported by the masters and therefore their primary duty was to obey the masters. For women, slavery had other heart wrenching aspects.

?Dead Poets society? :: essays research papers

Dead Poets societyIn the film Dead Poets confederacy, dir. Peter Weir, we can see vivid pictures from the life at Welton, a very old and traditional boys school. The action is taking place in 1950s. It is predominantly viewed by the eyes of Todd Anderson (Ethan Hawk), newcomer, who is very shy and timid and is under the pressure because of his elder brother, who was successful and popular student of Welton. He and his classmates Knox, Max, Neil Perry and the others, came here to get a classical education and they were expected so. But everything had changed when a new literature teacher, Mr. John Keating (Robin Williams), came. He graduated here and came to teach here. But he taught another(prenominal) way, his methods absolutely differed from those of other teachers and from the spirit of the school in a whole. He was trying to teach them out of the textbooks. He loved poetry very untold and wanted his students to love it too and he believed that it would help them in their futur e life. And Todd, Neil and the whole class loved him very much. They discover that while studying there, Mr. Keating nonionic the Dead poets society and decide to continue this society. In the secret from the whole school they get together in a cave at nights, smoked, read poetry and spoke About everything poetry, girls, philosophy, about the life in a whole.But the principal doesnt share the students admiration of their teacher. Especially after the fact that Neil Perry killed himself because he wanted to be an actor but his father didnt allow him. He wanted his son to be a doctor. And the administration saw (or wanted to see) here the influence of Mr. Keating and his lessons. All the members of the society were punished and Mr. Keating dismissed. But in the final scene, when he come to final payment his belongings, some his students stand up at the desks to show their protest and solidarity with their favorite teacher.In this film Peter Weir in a masterly way showed the infri nge between hypocrisy spirit of Welton and fresh jet of Keatings philosophy. In a broad meaning it can be considered as a fight between romantism and realism, between the way we would like to live and the way we live, the real life and how should we do with this problem.

Background Info on My Forbidden Face :: essays research papers

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live as an afghan girl under the rule of the Taliban? This question is answered in the book My Forbidden Face. Latifa, a young Afghan girl, discusses her struggles throughout the book. Latifa faces several different problems while creation under the rule of the Taliban. She handles these problems with the best of her ability.First of all, Latifa had to get by with the struggles her mom was facing. Latifas mother was very ill so she dealt with the situation by trying to service of process her mother out in every way possible. Latifa was always there to comfort her mom. Latifas mother was also struggling with not being competent to work. Because women werent allowed to do anything in the Afghan society, Latifa opened a school for the apartment children. Latifas mother managed to help out by cooking, which she considered a piddle of work. She watched her children be mistreated throughout the Taliban rule. Latifa had all intentions o f receiving an education hardly she couldnt go to school due to the laws of the Taliban. Latifas mother saw strong ambitions in her daughter so she encouraged her to believe in herself and always do her best. Latifa managed to deal with her moms struggles very well.Secondly, Latifa had to deal with the way women were treated in the Afghan society. Women werent allowed to go outside of their homes without the company of their father or brother. Latifa managed to deal with this by staying inside. She knew she wouldnt have to deal with the Taliban if she avoided them. Latifa also couldnt infrastructure the fact that women couldnt hold jobs. She opened up a school for the children of her apartment complex knowing there would be harsh consequences if caught. She also had to deal with knowing her mother and sister had to give their jobs up. Women were also required to dress in certain clothing. Latifa claimed she couldnt walk in the long skirts and couldnt happen under the facial clot hing. Latifa liked to wear nail polish and earrings but this privilege was taken away when the Taliban came into power. Women were treated very badly under the Taliban rule, but Latifa found ways to deal with it.Thirdly, Latifa had to deal with her own illness of depression and learned to deal with this by reading.

Flannery O’Connor: The Southern Catholic Essay -- Authors

To many critics, Flannery OConnor was avery devout Catholic, of the (thirteenth century, OConnor described herself), suggests Mark Bosco a Jesuit priest, professor of Theology and English studies at Loyola University Chicago (qtd in Bosco 41). Along with being a native Georgian, OConnor experienced living, albeit short lived, during an earned run average of racial conflict. Although, she considered herself from another century, she was acutely aware of her twentieth century southern world, and furthermore she expressed it through her short stories. As Robert Drake a writer and Prof. at the University of Texas explains she wrote of what she knew to be at her own doorstep (Drake, Apocalyptic Perception 32), meaning that her strong religious values, southern roots and the societal issues of her times influences her writing. The aspects of OConnors life that are prevalently revealed as influences, are her strong religious values, southern roots and societal issues which are portrayed, in Good Country People and Everything That Rises Must Converge, through her characters. One aspect of OConnors life that is revealed as an influence, in writing the characters, in both short stories, is her strong religious values. As Drake points out, she was catholic in the oldest and truest sense of the word And was faithful to her Christian principles, which was evident in the redemption of the protagonists (Drake 32). For example in Good Country People, the point of redemption comes for cheer when she realizes that instead of her seducing Manly, as she had planned, he has made her suffer by stealing her wood leg, mocking her intelligence, then leaving her helpless in a barn. gaiety thought herself to be intellectually superior to Manly,... ...isiana pass on University Press.1980. xxvii. PrintDrake, Robert. Apocalyptic Perception. Flannery OConnor A Memorial. Ed. J.J. Quinn, S.J. Scranton University of Scranton Press, 1996. 29, 32-33. PrintHyman, Stanley. Flannery OConnor. S even American Women Writers of the Twentieth speed of light An Introduction. Ed. Maureen Howard. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press, 1977. 323. PrintMeyers, Sr. Bertrande. Ways of Interpretation. Flannery OConnor A Memorial.Ed. J.J. Quinn, S.J. Scranton University of Scranton Press, 1996. 19. Print Paulson, Suzanne. Racial Conflict. Flannery OConnor A Study of the Short Story Fiction. North Dakota Minot State University. 1988. 69. PrintShackelford, D. Dean. Flannery OConnor. Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2001) 1-7. Literary Reference Center. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.

Education Values Essay -- essays research papers fc

Discussions on particular didacticsal curricular issues or programs reflect not exactly educational values but societal values as well. Three areas in particular that have been eliciting much discussion are bilingual education programs, services within schools for gay and lesbian students, and inclusion of multicultural curricula. Among each of these programs, questions have been raised about their relativity to education and the comprehensive research to fold up that these programs are beneficial to students. Bilingual education is a fairly new program, in which foreign-born students learn English for one period during the day term all their other classes are taught in their native tongue (Holloway). This program isnt just restricted to students who are learning English as their bet on language, it is also required of English speaking students as well. It gives them an opportunity to acquire a second language easily by allowing them to interact with foreign-born students in or der to learn more about their culture and their language (Holloway). School Chancellor Harold O. Levy has supported this program from the beginning. The goal of dual-language models is to promote long-term literacy in both groups of studentswhether for cultural, economic or educational reasons, said Levy. Skeptics like Ron K. Unz said that dual-language programs require specialized teachers, and it is difficult to measure their effectiveness on immigrant children due to t...

Hierarchical Databases Essay

There ar four structural types of entropybase management systems hierarchical, cyberspace, relational, and object-oriented.Hierarchical Databases (DBMS), uncouthly used on mainframe computers, have been around for a long time. It is one of the oldest methods of organizing and storing data, and it is still used by some organizations for making travel reservations. Related fields or records are grouped together so that there are higher-level records and lower-level records, bonnie like the parents in a family tree sit above the subordinated tiddlerren. Based on this analogy, the parent record at the top of the pyramid is called the root record. A child record always has only one parent record to which it is colligate, just like in a normal family tree.In contrast, a parent record may have much than one child record linked to it. Hierarchical databases work by moving from the top mickle. A record search is conducted by starting at the top of the pyramid and working down throug h the tree from parent to child until the appropriate child record is found. Furthermore, all(prenominal) child can also be a parent with children underneath it. The advantage of hierarchical databases is that they can be accessed and updated rapidly because the tree-like structure and the relationships between records are defined in advance. Hierarchical databases are so rigid in their design that adding a new field or record requires that the entire database be redefined.Types of DBMS Network DatabasesNetwork databases are similar to hierarchical databases by also having a hierarchical structure. There are a few key differences, however. Instead of looking like an upside-down tree, a network database looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of records. In network databases, children are called membersand parents are called owners. The around important difference is that each child or member can have more than one parent (or owner). two limitations must be considered wh en using this kind of database. Similar to hierarchical databases, network databases must be defined in advance. There is also a limit to the number of connections that can be made between records.Types of DBMS comparative DatabasesIn relational databases, the relationship between data files is relational, not hierarchical Relational databases connect data in different files by using common data elements or a key field. Data in relational databases is stored in different tables, each having a key field that uniquely identifies each row. Relational databases are more flexible than either the hierarchical or network database structures.Types of DBMS Object-oriented Databases (OODBMS)Able to adhesive friction many new data types, including graphics, photographs, audio, and video, object-oriented databases fiddle a significant advance over their other database cousins. an object-oriented database can be used to store data from a variety of media sources, such as photographs and text, and hold work, as output, in a multimedia format. Object-oriented databases have two disadvantages. First, they are more costly to develop. Second, most organizations are reluctant to abandon or switch over from those databases that they have already invested money in developing and implementing.COMPUTING TYPESCLUSTER COMPUTING clustering means linking together two or more systems to handle variable workloads or to yield continued operation in the event one fails. Each computer may be a multiprocessor system itself. For example, a cluster of four computers, each with two CPUs, would provide a total of eight CPUs processing simultaneously. When clustered, these computers behave like a single computer and are used for load balancing, fault tolerance, and parallel processing.Two or more servers that have been configured in a cluster use a rhythm mechanism to continuously monitor each others health. Each server sends the other an I am OK message at uniform intervals. If several me ssages or heartbeats are missed, it is assumed that a server has failed and the surviving server begins the failover operation. That is, the surviving server assumes the personal identity of the failed server in addition to its identity and recovers and restores the network interfaces, storage connections, and applications. Clients are then reconnected to their applications on the surviving server. The minimum requirements for a server cluster are(a) two servers connected by a network, (b) a method for each server to access the others disk data, and (c) peculiar(prenominal) cluster software like Microsoft Cluster Service (MSCS). The special software provides services such as failure detection, recovery, and the ability to manage the service as a single system. Benefits of Clustering TechnologyAvailability, scalability and to a lesser extent, investment protection and simplified judicature are all touted as benefits from clustering technology. Availability translates into decrease d downtime, scalability translates into flexible growth, and investment protection and simplified administration translate into lowered cost of ownership. Clustered systems bring fault-tolerance and support for rolling upgrades. The most common uses of clustering technique are mission-critical database management, file/intranet data sharing, messaging, and planetary business applications.PARALLEL COMPUTING The nub Passing Interface (MPI) meter provides a common Application Programming Interface (API) for the development of parallel applications careless(predicate) of the type of multiprocessor system used. In the recent past, the Java programming language has made significant inroads as the programming language of choice for the development of a variety of applications in diverse domains.IPV4/IPV6What is Internet Protocol?Internet Protocol is a set of technical rules that defines how computers communicate over a network. There are currently two versions IP version 4 (IPv4) and I P version 6 (IPv6).What is IPv4?IPv4 was the first version of Internet Protocol to be widely used, and accounts for most of todays Internet traffic. There are just over 4 billion IPv4 addresses. While that is a lot of IP addresses, it is not profuse to last forever.What is IPv6?IPv6 is a newer numbering system that provides a much larger address pool than IPv4. It was deployed in 1999 and should meet the worlds IP addressing necessarily well into the future.PROTOCOLSFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network communications protocol used to transfer files from one waiter or to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.1 HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World encompassing Web. Hypertext is a multi-linear set of objects, building a network by using logical links (the so-called hyperlinks) between the nodes (e. g. text or words). HTTP is the protocol to vary or transfer hypertext. Secure Sockets mould (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide communication security over the Internet. SSL encrypt the segments of network connections at the Application Layer for theTransport Layer, using asymmetric cryptography for key exchange, symmetric encryption for confidentiality, and message authentication codes for message integrity.In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e- commit clients to retrieve e- transport from a remote server over a TCP/IPconnection.1 POP and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) are the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval.2 Virtually all modern e-mail clients and servers support both. The POP protocol has been developed through several versions, with version 3 (POP3) being the current standard. Most webmail service providers such as Hotmail, Gmail and Yahoo Mail al so provide IMAP and POP3 service.Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. While electronic mail servers and other mail transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages, user-level client mail applications typically only use SMTP for sending messages to a mail server for relaying.The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core members of the Internet protocol suite, the set of network protocols used for the Internet. With UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this eccentric referred to as datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without prior communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths. UDP is suitable for purposes where error checking and correction is either not necessary or performed in the application, avoiding the overhead of such processing at the network interface level.

My Math Difficulties began with Pre-Algebra and Fractions

It was the summer before college when I had the best vacation in my life. I never had enjoyed any vacation since the bypast years. Too bad I became so pre-occupied with take pleasure in this escapement that I lost my penchant for learning. Summer was fast ending and I had to pack-up in haste and drive back home. And schooldays are coming.I felt like a lonely cavalier on my colleges first mathematics class. As everyone on the class each has varied high school backgrounds, I found it intemperate to cope up with the subjects yard. I got a very failing mark on my first quiz. And worse, it went on until the end of the semester.My young freshman mind found it tough to adapt to such a demanding subject. I incessantly had to sleep late at night solving problems and forgetting them when I wake up in the morning. My mouth gaped at the sight of endless assignments and workbooks. Our teacher could obtain our agony, our pleading eyes hoping she would blow her whistle and let us take a bre ak from the work. Twenty pages of reading and a worn out pencil erase keeps me awake every night. I sweated over those small numbers above and below the fraction line. How could I learn all this and still fork out time to watch Smallville? This wasnt a freshmans usual anxiety. I honestly thought I hated math. What is this subject anyway? why would I have to really put much time and agony into it?Nightmares would come in numbers dancing across my room. It would torment me just sentiment about how bad my day became because of that exasperating pre-algebra exam. It would send me down lurching on the sofa everyday when I get home. Nothing had been that much demoralizing, when the test written document were returned and what you got isnt even enough to lift your aching pride, what more than to show it to your mom.A research paper, published AnnaSierpinska, GeorgeanaBobos and ChristineKnipping of Concordia University in Canada(August2007), tackles about the defeat in students of numer ic courses. Their paper summarizes the reactions of the students and instructors they interviewed. They identified numerous causes of frustration, such as the fast pace of the courses, inefficient learning strategies, the need to change previously acquired ways of thinking, difficult plangency with truth and reasoning in mathematics, being forced to take PMC, insufficient academic and moral support on the part of teachers, and poor achievement (Sierpinska, Bobos and Knipping, 2007). These sources of frustration are discussed from the point of view of their impact on the quality of the mathematical knowledge that students develop in mathematical subjects.All of us go through and through all of the learning stages but not always on the same timetable (Hood, 1997). Sometimes, other inclinations in us, like music and arts, develop much earlier than the others and we do not fully grasp many mathematical concepts until we reach adulthood. In our course of growing up, we learn through our environment and according to our level of maturity (Hood, 1997).The book Taking the Frustration out of maths by Mary Hood tells us about the three distinct learning styles (auditory, visual and kinesthetic). She relates them to math learning. Along her book, she reminds us that each kid is diverse and that the parent is truly the expert on his/her own baby bird. If a child is not grasping a concept, she recommends putting it aside and working on it again at a later date. Frustrating the child will only make a child hate math. Just because a child should be in a particular stage, does not mean that the individual child is ready for certain concepts. Eventually, he or she will be.Some websites, such as Coping with Math Anxiety offers various ways on coping with math frustrations. It recommends that the primary pace is to identify that math anxiety is an emotional response. And since it is an emotional reaction, it can be in a pretendive or unconstructive way. Unconstructive ways comprises rationalization, suppression, and denial.By rationalization, we mean finding reasons why it is okay and perhaps even inevitable, and therefore justified, for you to have this reaction. By suppression is meant having awareness of the anxiety, but trying very, very hard not to feel it. Finally, there is denial. People using this approach probably arent likely to see this essay, much less read it, for they carefully construct their lives so as to avoid all mathematics as much as possible (Coping with Math Anxiety, www.mathacademy.com/pr/ minitext/anxiety).The constructive way to manage math anxiety involves making as conscious as possible the sources of math anxiety in one own life, accepting those feelings without self-criticism, and then learning strategies for disarmament math anxietys influence on ones future study of mathematics (Coping with Math Anxiety, www.mathacademy.com/pr/ minitext/anxiety).I never had much luck on my first college math subject. It took me countles s sleepless nights before it dawned on me that I had much more things to prove and accomplish. One time or another, each of us will be haunted by math frustrations. We may take it as a frustration forever, or we could take it as a arrogant challenge to move on to much greater heights, where our past failure becomes too insignificant.ReferencesPrinted ReferencesArem, Cynthia. Conquering Math Anxiety A Self-Help Workbook. Pacific Grove, CA endure/Cole Publishing, 1993.Burns, Marilyn. The I Hate Mathematics Book. Little, Brown Company, 1975.Buxton, Laurie. Math Panic. London Heinemann, 1991.Mary Hood, PhD 1997, Taking the Frustration Out of Math, Elijah Company, January 1, 1997Online ReferencesCoping With Math Anxiety, (www.mathacademy.com/pr/minitext/anxiety)Professors Freedmans Math Help (http//www.mathpower.com/)Soloman/Felders Learning Styles

The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development

Research Journal of Finance and method of accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org The Comparative product of process heavenss in Bangladesh Mohammad Shahidul Islam1, Md. Musa2, Rajib Kanti Das3 1. friend Professor, School of Business, University of Information Technology and Sciences, 40/1 Jakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh Tel 88-01190-955692 E-mailemailprotected com 2. Lecturer, School of Business, University of Information Technology and Sciences, 40/1 Jakir Hossain Road, Khulshi , Chittagong, Bangladesh,Tel 88-01819-619269 .E-mail emailprotected com 3. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, BGC Trust University Bangladesh * E-mail of the corresponding author emailprotected com Abstract The Economy of Bangladesh is classified into threesome empyreans. Of these, the bonnie donation of dish vault of heaven, industriousness sphere of influence, gardening sector to the gross domestic pr oduct ar 49. 33%, 28. 42% and 22. 42% respectively. So, the help sectors contri moreovere most of the development of national economy.The search aims be to analyze the relative contribution of portion sector with some different sectors, the impact of trade liberalization of utility sector and to grant the recommendations for development of armed service sector. It is taken a archetype of ten years selective information of gross domestic product from 2000-01 to 2009-10 for analyzing the comparison of service sector with other sectors (industry and farming). The average proceeds invests amongst service sectors and industry sectors or agriculture sector or count GDP argon analyzed witht test. The average egression rate of service sector, inudsty sector, and agriculture sector are 6. 17%, 7. 49%, 3. 21% respectively.The harvest of service sector is more than the agriculture sector but less than the industry sector (result oft test). The motif also reveals that total trade deficit of service is change magnitude over the year. The average piece of work of Agriculture, Industry, serve to total employment are 58. 89%, 12. 39% and 25. 36% respectively. The paper emphasizes for the development of touristry sector, Software, conveyance and monetary srvice, training with quality, etc. Keywords GDP, avail, Agriculture, Industry 1. Introduction The Economy of Bangladesh is growing one. It is basically divided into three basic sectors viz. return, Agriculture and Industry. Among the economic sectors in Bangladesh, proceeds sector is most historic. The contribution of service sector to the GDP is about 50% (Bangladesh Economic Review-2010). So, usefulness sectors influence the development of national economy. There is a latent demand for run in Bangladesh. To specify the need of services for huge population of Bangladesh, such(prenominal) sectors are to be opened for private entrepreneurs with required control. The enormous contribution of service sector and an increasing trend therein have played an important role in high evolution of GDP.The analysis of last few years data gives a clear idea on the phenomenon. The contribution of the industry sector to the economy of Bangladesh has been increasing day by day. For the purpose of national income accounting, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) divides the economy into fifteen sectors (Bangladesh Economic Review-2010, Ministry of Finance). 2. Problem statement From the egress of overall size of Economy, it is difficult to identify the significance of specific sector. Proper nurturing of portentously contributory sector, the growth of Economy may be resisted.Previously there was no deviation between run and Products. Service concept is the modern issue in the world. The most of the business is related to services. Even the product itself provides the service to the customers. So the services are the vital issue now. The economic sectors classified by Bangladesh G overnment are Hotel and Restaurant, Retail trade and Wholesale trade, imparting and Communication, Real state and Renting, Financial Institution, Public Administration and Defense, Education, Health and Social Services, Community and Personal Services are included under Service Sectors.So they occupy a major dowry of total economics sectors. As a result, importance of service is significant. For Economic development we always think regarding industry and agriculture sectors rather service sectors. only when major sector in the economy is service sector. In the modern world, service is required in every phase of life. People expect damp service. Our public sectors 178 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org including public enterprises are largest sectors in the economy. But these sectors are losing concern.The public sector is unable to provide competitive service. So, batch go to private sector s such as monetary institutions, headation, hospitals, educational institutions, and communication media for better service. But the growth rate of service sectors is every below expected level or not as per its importance in the economy. From this research the problems of service sectors are identified. For increasing the living standard of the people the service concept has come to lime light. Service marketing and service management will get the importance to develop the service sectors in Bangladesh.The research aims are to analyze the comparative contribution of service sector with other sectors, the impact of trade liberalization of service sector and to provide the recommendations for development of service sector. 3. Objectives of the learning Some specific objectives are set for this research. The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative position of service sector. To accomplish this basic objective, pursuance specific objectives are set i. To co nduct the comparative analysis of service sector with Agriculture and Industry sectors. ii..To analyze the impact of Liberalization on Service sectors iii. To provide the recommendations for development of Service sector. 4. Methodology This research has used mostly secondary data have been used for analysis. Data have been collected from Bangladesh Economic Survey, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Bangladesh Bank, World Bank, and Internet web sites, Books, Newspapers, Magazines and Journals. We have used required data for ten years from 2000-01 to 2009-10 for analyzing the contribution of economic sectors, growth rate of each(prenominal) sectors viz. service, industry and agriculture.Data of service export and import from 2004-05 to 2009-10 (five years) and the data of employment contribution for 9 years have been explained. 4. 1 Analysis of data The data have been analyzed victimization graph, chart and some other simple statistical tools. The growth rate of service sectors (tren d) is shown by graphical presentation. The total contribution of service sectors and sector wise share of major sectors are shown graphically. The average growth rates between service sectors and industry sectors or agriculture sector or total GDP have been compared by studentst test. 4. 2 Hypothesis test 4. 2. H 0 1 = 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and industry sectors. ) 4. 2. 2 H 0 1 = 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and agriculture sectors) 4. 2. 3. H 0 1 = 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and the growth rate of total GDP) 5. Analysis and Results 5. 1. The Contribution of Service Sector Off all the sectors, service sector is prominent one. Service sector has the growing potential to be driver of sustainable economic growth and significant poverty alleviation in Bangladesh.Service sector in Bangladesh is the largest sector. From the accede 2(a), it is observed that the contribution of the service sector is average 49. 33%. It is steady over the period. The contribution of service sectors are 48. 77% in 2000-01 and 49. 90% in 2009-10. take in-1 demonstrates contribution of different sectors in GDP. The groth rate of srvice sector is steady. The average growth is 6. 17%. The growth rates are 5. 43% ,6. 40%, and 6. 59% in 2001-02, 2005-06, 2009-10 respectively. 5. 2. reaping of Sub-sectors of Service Sector Growth rate of service sector is consistnent and contineous.From the evade 1(b), it is shown that the four sub sectors (i) Trade (ii) Transport, storage and communication (iii) Realstate renting and other Business activities (iv) Community, social and personal services contribute more in GDP which are 14. 06%, 10. 07%, 7. 98%, 7. 39% 179 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org respectively. But The growth rate is more fo r the Education, Banking, Public administration, Transportation which are 8. 42%,8. 13%, 7. 88% ,7. 48% respectively. 5. 3.Comparative Analysis of Service Sector with Agriculture and Industry Sector From the comparative presentation of the sectors, it is found that service sector is sustaiable in terms of growth and contribution to toal GDP. From the Table 2(a), 2(b) and figure -2, it is shown that the average contribution of service sector, industry and agriculute sectors are 49. 33%, 28. 42%, 22. 25% respectively. So, the service sector is the half of total sector of economy. The growth rate of service sector, inudsty sector,and agriculture secture are 6. 17%, 7. 49%, 3. 21% respectively.Here, from the figure-2, it is acquiren that the contribution of service sector is steady. The contribution of industry sector is increasing with the reducing trend of agriculture sector. Here, aparently it is seen that the average growth rate of service sector is more the agriculture sectors and the total GDP growth and the average gorwth rate of industry sector is roughly more than the service sector. Now we shall statistically test whether the average growth rate of service sector is more than the agriculture sectors and total GDP growth and whther there is significant difference of growth rate between service sectors and industry sector. . Hypothesis test Since in the given data variances of population are unknown and the sample size is small we have used t-test from the table -6. The result of hypothesis test is in table 3. 6. 1. H 0 1 = 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and industry sectors. ) Table 3 Paired Samples Test Details 95% Paired Std. Std. Confidence Differences Deviation Error Interval of the Mean Mean Difference Lower Upper 1. 1152 . 3717 -2. 1783 -. 4639 t df Sig. (2tailed) Pair 1 Growth rate of Service sector Growth rate of Industry sector -1. 211 Growth rate of Service sector Growth rate of Agriculture sector Growth rate of Service sector Growth rate of occur GDP sector 8 3. 554 .007 Pair 2 2. 7722 1. 2957 . 4319 1. 7763 3. 76826. 419 8 . 4806 . 1602 7. 3847E- . 6650 1. 845 8 02 .000 Pair 3 .2956 .102 origin Compiled by authors through SPSS The table value is -2. 306 So, the calculated value (-3. 554) is outside the critical region. So, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. There is significant difference between the growth rate of service sector and industry sector.The growth rate of industry is more than that of service sector. 6. 2. H 0 1 = 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and agriculture sectors) The table value is 2. 306. The calculated value(6. 1. 77) is outside the critical region. So, the growth of service sector is more than the growth of agriculture sector. 6. 3. H 0 1 = 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and total GDP) The table value is 2. 3306. The calculated value (t=1. 84) is inside the critical region. So, the null hypothesis is accepted.Though the average growth rate of service sector is more than the growth rate of total GDP, but there is no difference with t test. 180 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 7. Trade of service and Trade liberization www. iiste. org Trade liberlization has opened a new horizon for service exports. Service export is the amount which is paid by the foreign national for using the service of Bangladesh. Service import is the amount which is paid by the Bangladeshi national for using the service of other countries. GATS was formed to eliminate the trade barriers.Here we shall see the impact of trade liberization on the service sectors of Bangladesh. From the table 4, the figure-3 is drawn. It is found from the figure -3 that the import of service average Tk. 199368 million is more than the export of service average Tk. 112214. 5 million. The t otal trade deficit is increasing over the year. The average rate of growth of service export is more than service import which are 16. 16% and 15. 89% respectively. This is a good symptom for Bangladesh. 8. Employment opportunity in Service sector Service sector has created a great background for employment.Bangladesh is a labor intensive country. Population is an important resource of Bangladesh. From the table 5 (data is taken from world Bank data bank) the figure-4 is drawn and it is shown that average employment of Agriculture, Industry, Service to toal employment are 58. 89%, 12. 39 5and 25. 36% respectively. But employment of service sector is increasing. The employment of industry sector is increasing but agriculure sector is decreasing. 9. Recommendations for Service Sectors After analysis, it can be said that the contribution of service sector is about 49. 22% and the growth rate of service sector is 6. 75%. The contribution is about half of the total economic sectors and the growth rate is more than the average growth of GDP. Emphasis is given on the service sector for development. Since the industry sector is growing rapidly (7. 49%), support can be given by providing the quality and smooth service. The employment in service sector is increasing day by day. So, there is lot of opportunity for employment in this sector. Though there is negative Trade respite of service of Bangladesh, the growth rate of srvice export is more than that of import. It is a good symptom for us.So we have to emphasize the service export such as Tourism, Software, Transportation and Financial srvice etc. The prospects of some promising service sectors are pointed out below. 9. 1. Development of Tourism Tourism is one of the most promising sectors for Bangladesh with her huge vivid beauty, heroic historical background and archeological resources (Das & Chakroborty 2012). Bangladesh is a country of natural beauty. She has lot of tourism places. These places are of differen t interest like beaches, historical places, archaeological sites, religious palaces, forest and jungle etc. . 2. Development of Software and IT With the passage of time, the globe is being changed from analogue to automation. During last few years Bangladesh showed enormous victor in Software and IT Sector which can enlarge the extent of her service market (BASIS 2010). The current size of Bangladesh IT Industry and software/ITES industry is still small compared to the overall economy and the number of population (over 150 million). Over the last few years the industry has been grown considerably and is expected to grow at that rate for some time. 9. 3.Information Communication Technology (ICT) With the hope of great development, the govrnment of people republic of Bangladesh introduced National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy in October 2002. This insurance policy document guides the development of a country-wide ICT-infrastructure for human resources devel opment, governance, e-commerce, banking, public utility services and all sorts of on-line ICT-enabled services by 2006. 9. 4. Improvement in Transportation Transportation is an important sub-sector of total service sector. It includes different type of transport for example road transport, waterways, railways, and airlines.Of these, road transport is mostly used means of transport. Road transport in Bangladesh is a private sector affair operating predominantly in domestic routes. 181 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org range are among the cheapest in the world. Express and non stop services are for sale. Total Highways is 204,022 km of which paved is 25,095 km and unpaved is 178,927 km (1996 est. ) (bangla2000. com). 9. 5. Quality Financial Services Financial service is another important part of total service sector in Bangladesh.It is a promising sub sector which consists of the Bangladesh Ban k (the substitution bank), four nationalized commercial banks (NCBs), 5 stateowned specialized banks (SBs), more than 30 private sector commercial banks (PCBs) and more than 9 foreign commercial banks (PCBs). The rest of the financial sector consists of more than 29 non-bank financial institutions, the capital market, 3 general and 17 life insurance companies, the cooperative banks and the microfinance institutions. 9. 6. Development of Education sector For increasing of people and literacy rate, the demand of higher education is increasing.The technical institution, Business education, health education create the demand to the people. The development of government and private universities is the indicator of growing demand of education sector. 10. Concluding Remarks The contribution of service sector is about 50 percent of the total GDP. So, the growth rate of GDP depends on the service sectors. The service sector provides the support for the development Industry sector and agricu lture sector. For the international trade (export and import), the smooth conveyances, financial and insurance service is required.For the improvement of the GDP sector, it has to give special emphasize on service sectors. There is lot of scope of development of service sector. Bangladesh is providing transit and transshipment to India, Nepal and Bhutan that will increase return from the transportation and communication sector. The manufacturing sector is growing rapidly. So, the need of financial service and education is increasing in future. Tourism, hotel service is promising in Bangladesh. The trade liberalization on service will cause the opportunity for service export. So, we have to take the initiatives for development of service sectors.This paper has analyzed the comparative contribution of service sector, the growth of service sector, service export and the employment in service sectors. There is scope for further research about the ways of development of service sectors. References Bangladesh Parjatan partnership n. d. SUNDARBAN Royal Bengal Tiger and Mangrove Forest accessed 2 May 2011, www. parjatan. gov. bd/forest. php Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services 2010, BASIS Resource Center, Bangladesh, accessed 2 May, 2011, http//www. basis. org. bd/index. php/resource Bhuyan A. R. , Hossain M. I. and Hossai M.A. , 20007, Study on the Services Sector of Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Trade Support Programme (BTSP) Brahs, Stuart J. 2002. Priorities for WTO Financial Services Negotiations Fund Management and Pensions, Principal Financial Group, Washington DC. Bangladesh Bareu of Statistics, BBS (Labour campaign Survey) 2006, Dhaka Comjagat. com 2010, Status and Prospects http//www. comjagat. com/home/articles/morearticles/5515 of ICT in Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Choudhury T. A. , Raihan A. , Habib S. and S. Chowdhury. 2000. Effects of WTO on Financial System of Bangladesh A Research Report, BIBM, 2000.Das, RK & Chakroborty J 2012, An E valuative Study on Tourism in Bangladesh, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting Vol 3, No 1, accessed June 20 2012 http//www. iiste. org/Journals/index. php/RJFA/article/view/1305/1225 Dobson, Wendy. 2002. Financial Services Liberalization in the WTO, International political economy Policy Briefs, No. PB02-8. International Institute of Economics,Toronto. 182 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 Kothari, C. R. , Research Methodology, 2nd ed. , Newdelhi, New Age International Pvt. Ltd. , 2005. www. iiste. org 0. Lovelock, Cheristopher, Service Marketing, 4th ed. , Simgspore, Sddison Wesley Longnian Pvt. Lyd. , 2001. Mattoo, Aaditya. 2002. Financial Services and the World Trade OrganizationLiberalization Commitments and the World Trade Organization, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC. Ministry of Finance(2010), Bangladesh Economic Servey 2010, Ministry of Finance, Dhaka. Mascarenhas, Romeos, Service S ector Management, 1st ed. , Mumbai, VipuPrakashan, 2002. 3. 5. Tour to bangladesh. com (Tour Operator of Bangladesh) 2010, Tourism Vision 2020, Bangladesh, accessed 2 May 2011, http//www. tourtobangladesh. om/Bangladesh-Tourism-Vision-2020. php Transportation, accessed 2 May, 2011 Appendices Table 1(a) Contribution of total service sector in GDP 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 49816 2519 37464 6608 25033 10505 9624 8373 23832 173774 6. 60 7. 31 7. 48 8. 13 3. 67 7. 88 8. 42 7. 02 4. 14 6. 17 Trade (Retail & Whole sales Hotel & Restaurants Transport, Storage & Communication Banking & insurance Real Estate, Renting & other Business Activities Public Administration and Defense Education Health and Social Work Community, Social and Services Total Service Personal 8021 1335 19579 3270 18096 5322 4651 4548 16538 101360 29868 1427 20863 3489 18715 5637 5004 4789 17073 106865 31687 1527 22292 3722 19374 5932 5384 5059 1764 0 112617 33770 1635 23676 3983 20068 6351 5798 5371 18340 118992 36155 1751 25552 4338 20801 6860 6256 5768 19082 126563 38596 1881 27592 4707 21569 7420 6822 6217 19863 134667 41700 2023 29809 5139 22381 8044 7433 6693 20733 143955 44543 2176 32357 5596 23221 8543 8013 7163 21731 153343 47309 2341 34949 6099 24106 9142 8658 7678 22753 163035 Source Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 Table 1(b) Contributions and growth of sub sectorsService sub-sector Trade (Retail & Whole sales Hotel & Restaurants Transport, Storage & Communication Banking & Insurance Real Estate, Renting & other Business Activities Public Administration and Defense Education Health and Social Work Community, Social and Personal Services Total Std. of Service sub-sector 7526. 08 398. 47 6109. 71 1140. 47 2336. 93 1678. 77 1647. 75 1289. 33 2471. 01 24576. 02 Std. of Service sub-sector growth 0. 75 0. 29 0. 80 1. 04 0. 14 2. 85 1. 17 1. 17 0. 58 0. 54 Avg. Contribution % 14. 06% 0. 68% 10. 07% 1. 72% 7. 98% 2. 71% 2. 48% 2. 27% 7. 37% 49. 33% Avg. f subsector total 38146. 50 1861. 50 27413. 30 4695. 10 21336. 40 7375. 60 6764. 30 6165. 90 19758. 50 133517. 10 Avg. of subsector growth Source Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 183 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 Table 2(a) Sector wise contribution in GDP (in percentage) 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 www. iiste. org Contribution of Agricultures Contribution Industry Contribution of service Total 25. 03 26. 20 48. 77 one hundred 23. 98 26. 75 49. 27 light speed 3. 47 27. 24 49. 30 light speed 23. 08 27. 69 49. 22 100 22. 27 28. 31 49. 42 100 21. 84 29. 03 49. 14 100 21. 38 29. 45 49. 17 100 20. 83 29. 70 49. 47 100 20. 48 29. 86 49. 66 100 20. 16 29. 95 49. 90 100 1. 6 1. 38 0. 31 0. 00 22. 25 28. 42 49. 33 100 Source Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 Table 2(b) Sector-wise growth of GDP (in percentage) 20 01-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Average 3. 21 7. 49 6. 17 5. 88 112214. 5 16. 16% 51510. 798 199368 15. 89% 24606. 842 (87153. 5) 16. 69% Average Agriculture Industry Service 0. 01 6. 53 5. 43 3. 8 7. 26 5. 38 4. 09 7. 60 5. 66 2. 21 8. 28 6. 36 4. 94 9. 74 6. 40 6. 63 4. 56 8. 38 6. 90 6. 43 3. 21 6. 78 6. 52 6. 19 4. 12 6. 46 6. 32 5. 74 4. 39 6. 42 6. 59 6. 00 1. 53 1. 13 0. 54 0. 68 Total GDP 4. 42 5. 26 6. 27 5. 96 Source Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 Table 2(c) Growth of service and other sector (Chain base) 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Average 7. 02 5. 61 5. 88 SDEV 28849. 471 Service 5. 30 5. 64 6. 17 7. 39 7. 78 7. 66 Other 3. 52 5. 14 6. 82 5. 59 6. 83 6. 01 Sectors Total GDP 4. 42 5. 26 6. 27 5. 96 6. 63 6. 3 growth Source Bangladesh Economic Review-2010 Table 4 Service Receipts and Payments (in million Taka) 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 7. 02 5. 89 6. 19 7. 19 5. 21 5. 74 9. 05 5. 46 6. 00 1. 17 1. 00 0. 68 2007-2008 2008-2009 Service Receipts 75067 89780 102352 129103 Growth of Service 19. 60% 14. 00% 26. 14% Receipts Service Payments 124871 156279 189649 231667 Growth of Service 25. 15% 21. 35% 22. 16% Payment Services(net) (49804) (66499) (87297) (102564) Growth of Service 33. 52% 31. 28% 17. 49% (net) Source Bangladesh Balance of Payment-2010, Bangladesh Bank 122451 -5. 15% 236634 2. 4% (114183) 11. 33% 154534 26. 20% 257108 8. 65% (102574) -10. 17% 184 2009-2010 STDEV STDEV Average STDEV Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 Table 5 Employment contributions Year 1984 1985 Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) 58. 8 57. 7 Employment in industry (% of total employment) 11 11. 5 Employment in services (% of total employment) 24. 2 26 Source World development index, World Bank Table 6 Growth of economic sectors 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-20 05 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 ww. iiste. org 1986 57. 1 12. 5 26. 5 1989 64. 9 15. 4 14. 8 1991 66. 4 13 16. 2 1996 63. 2 9. 6 25 2000 62. 1 10. 3 23. 5 2003 51. 7 13. 7 34. 6 2005 48. 1 14. 5 37. 4 SD 6. 06 1. 95 7. 35 Avg. 58. 89 12. 39 25. 36 Agriculture 0. 01 3. 08 4. 09 2. 21 4. 94 4. 56 Industry 6. 53 7. 26 7. 60 8. 28 9. 74 8. 38 Service 5. 43 5. 38 5. 66 6. 36 6. 40 6. 90 Total GDP 4. 42 5. 26 6. 27 5. 96 6. 63 6. 43 Source Bangladesh Economic Review-2010, Ministry of Finance 3. 21 6. 78 6. 52 6. 19 4. 12 6. 46 6. 32 5. 74 4. 39 6. 42 6. 59 6. 00 1. 53 1. 13 0. 54 0. 68 . 21 7. 49 6. 17 5. 88 Figure 1 Contrubution of Service, Industry and Agriculutre Figure 2 Comparative Sector-wise Growth Rate 185 Average STDEV Sectors Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org Figure 3 Service Export and Import Figure 4 Employment of Service Sectors. 186 This academic article was publish ed by The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access Publishing service based in the U. S. nd Europe. The aim of the institute is Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing. more(prenominal) information about the publisher can be found in the IISTEs homepage http//www. iiste. org The IISTE is currently hosting more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals and collaborating with academic institutions around the world. prospective authors of IISTE journals can find the submission instruction on the following page http//www. iiste. org/Journals/ The IISTE editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified submissions in a fast manner.All the journals articles are available online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors. IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrichs Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial Library , NewJour, Google Scholar

Historical and political relation of anthropology with human rights Essay

From the onset, it is necessary to define anthropology as the social science that is obscure with tail endvass the inherent relationship patterns and origins of gentleman beings. As a juxtaposition, the concept of human rights refers to the intrinsic freedoms and rights to which all told and sundry (human beings) ar entitled, if precisely by virtue of be to the human career, and these are broadly categorized into two main classifications, including the socio- pagan and economic rights, which pertain to the rights to education, food, naturalise and participate in flori finishing.The former(a) distinct grouping of rights and freedoms are those of civil and political nature, encompassing the ideology of people being equal before the law, the right to liberty and life, and besides, the freedom to freely express oneself, provided that this does not throw in with that of other people.It is noteworthy that the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights a non-binding declaration by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 reiterates the equality of all humans as relates to their rights and dignity, further acknowledging that each individual was equipped with the vital tools of a rational conscience and logical reasoning, and thus, all subsequent inter-personal relationships ought to reflect a communal spirit of brotherly co-existence.This cognition is widely viewed as being the framework for justice, peace and freedom in the globe today (Goodale, 200418-29). From a diachronic perspective, the anthropologist is more concerned with deciphering the linkage between the afore- diagnoseed rights and the prevailing localized cultures, from whence an understanding of the basic outline of social justice against a backdrop of cultural relativism is investigated.The general concession is that indeed, deliberation into the historical aspects of anthropology reveals a contribution to both the practical and theoretical facets of human rights workings. S elect case studies closely related to this request include the current crisis in the Middle East, pitting the Israelis against the inhabitants of the Gaza strip, the Rwandan genocide (Bowman, 200031-49) and the topical issue of gay rights in Southern Africa. The former predicament entails Israel devastating, over the recent past, a population of some 1. million inhabitants in Gaza, with their arms tied behind their backs, owing to the fact that there is no active army in Gaza. Statistics reveal that close to 1300 Palestinian casualties are on record, as opposed to a measly 13 Israelis in the raging conflict, largely regarded as a modern day case of ethnic cleansing. Since the year 2006, Israel placed a blockade into the Gaza region, thus inhibiting the delivery of necessities such as medicine, food and fuel. introductory attempts to foster harmony and well-being in the region, with cease-fires being disrespected severally, have led up to the present situation in which the stakehol ders in the conflict, chief amongst which is the Hamas, the Islamic Palestinian socio-political faction that has been in control of the Gaza strip, and Israel itself, have agreed to permanently seek a lasting solution to avoid more bloodshed.The possible recommendations to aid in arriving at a peaceful co-existence is scenario where Israel takes the front row in ensuring a sense of hope to the Palestinians, via the action of taking the political risk and dismantling the banned West Bank Settlements. On their part, Palestinians should institute measures to ensure they elect purposive leaders into power, if only to militate against the eventuality of history repeating itself iteratively.Hamas should in whirl cease firing missiles into Israel, which only serve to wound and kill majority of the innocent civilians, and the large scale smuggling of arms, so as to avoid the likeliness of the situation degenerating into another United States versus Al Qaeda affair. Also, the other stakeh olders in the conflict, namely Jordan and Egypt, should seal all loopholes that enable the military exploits of the Hamas to fall through.This being said, the global community should actively ensure they do not turn a deaf ear to the conflict, to be spearheaded by the United Nations and the European Union. The latter, in detail, involved South Africa holding its second, fully democratic elections in the year 1999, which were characterized by the recognition of a wide array of groups and previously neglected factions of the population, such as the gay and lesbian community.Earlier on, the country made history by pioneering non-discrimination on the basis of an individuals sexual orientation, with gay and lesbian activists championing their type by widely challenging the very constitutionality of laws that infringed on their freedoms, organizing workshops to educate voters on their rights, plus lobbying for the drafting and resultant implementation of rules and legislations guarante eing equity in the rights of all citizens (Goodale, 200443-54).They also went a step further and created working relationships with non-governmental organizations like the Human Rights Commission and the Commission on Gender Equality, in addition to forming outreach programmes for the members of the gay and lesbian community, peculiarly those that lived in townships. Of particular note is the fact that sodomy has been decriminalized before the South African costs, thus recording another victory in the war for equal to(predicate) recognition of this community.Of significance is the assertion that, these developments were achieved even with the realization that the South African populace was still divided along ethnic and racial boundaries (Riches, 198616-29), and more importantly, within the indigenous cultural groupings in the country, homosexuality is deemed non-existent, or on the best case scenario, a foreign acquisition. Thus, in a nutshell, this case think can be assessed from the view that it not only shapes social patterns, but also, it is instrumental in the democratization of regimes, as influenced by the civil society.Yet another occurrence was witnessed in an iconic court case in Japan (2008), involving the challenging of the historical definition of whom the concept of human rights is meant to apply. The immediate bone of contention was that the court of the day had proceeded to expand the rights of the children of Japanese fathers and non-Japanese mothers to claim Japanese citizenship, and thus by extension, such definition by the justices in the case served to only ensure the apology of the fundamental human rights of Japanese citizens, excluding those of other non-citizens.In this way, this can be said to expressly alienate those people who did not have papers certifying their Japanese citizenship. However, this ought not to be the case, as the rights in question should be guaranteed to every human being, as the very name suggests. In a pu blication by one Professor Jones regarding this case, he posits that there is a sorry state of affairs in Japan, citing that the tendency of the Sovereign state to mediate the citizens claims against each other should be sharply contrasted against the Anglo-American system, which is characterized by human rights being the limiting factor of the states power over individuals.In this way, the case is illustrative of how culture and history can affect and/or influence human rights in society (Kurtz, 2001 43-52). Whilst still appreciating the historical contribution of anthropology to human rights, it is worthwhile to take mention of the concept of hegemony, defined as the utter domination of a state over its allies, and how this has over time influenced historical changes, especially on the cultural frontier.As a focal point, hegemony facilitates the comprehension of power within the confines of routine daily activities, as may be underpinned by cultural (customary) practices (Asad, 1 99113-27). On a more positive note, it is fit to state that the anthropological theory has over the years succeeded to come up with a contested, unbounded and widely flexible belief of the verge, which consequently goes a long way in uncovering the cultural understandings and how these in turn shape power relations, naturalizing domination and acting to suppress incompatible manifestations of resistance in the society (Gledhill, 200029-44).Again, drawing from the South African example, although in a different context, it can be established that, quite ironically, the evangelical work of missionaries can be termed as being part of hegemony, although it heightened societal consciousness, going on to spark a form of resistance that gave rise to the awareness of the sullen community, fuelling the fight against apartheid.Of particular contention is the debate whether, as an interpretive issue, resistance in society should require consciousness and be collective in nature, or whether on the other hand, an end of attaining justice should be envisioned from the onset. Also, it is disputable whether the concept at hand should be extended to incorporate such actions as may be influenced by a sense of non-cooperation or discontent. In the recent past, there has been great agitation in the anthropological circles, wherein the concept of culture has been scrutinized in detail.Earlier anthropologists focused chiefly on societies that were virtually unaffected by factors such as colonial influences, for example, but theres wakeful at the end of the tunnel since, today, greater emphasis is being laid on flexibility of the frame of thought of culture, as afore-mentioned, now not only being affiliated to habits and daily practices of a people, but also, being engrained in the values they abide to and the ideas subscribed to.In other instances, there have been historical documentations of indigenous communities confronting resistance from the perspective of laying claim to respective(a) resources, more so when these individuals are challenged to prove an authentic affiliation to the culture under rumination (Rejali, 199449-60) disqualification usually results from the assertion that certain social groups have already undergone cultural changes.In a strange twist, it can be seen that the concept of culture, as formulated by twentieth century anthropologists in a bid to champion the rights of small-scale communities in the wake of colonialism and other civilizing projects, has in present time been apposite to differing political ends of resisting reform in certain sectors and turning a deaf ear to the claims of indigenous peoples claims to reparation (compensation). On a transitional note, the political inclination of anthropology to human rights can be deduced by critical analysis of the two disciplines (Cohen, 197834-57).Such relationship necessitates a vivid fancy of the said human rights within a template of anthropologically conceived ideas or principles. A brief intermission here is the appreciation that, as an academic discipline, anthropology seeks to study the various forms and bases of human unity and relative diversity, while the other side of this coin practically applies the acquired knowledge to actively solve problems that may plague the human race (Gledhill, 200059-83).This being the situation, politically-oriented anthropologists should concern themselves with instances where the denial of certain rights is pegged on the differences in one human aspect or the other. The validity of using human difference as an indicator of human rights is that it incorporates the very specificity of what we as humans be it collectively or from an individual stance have evolved to be, both culturally and socially.It is worth noting that the term difference, as applied in this context, refers to the linguistic, socio-cultural and/or biological characteristics of people, relative to the initial human capacities that facilitated their production in the first place. On the flipside, as may relate to human rights, these differences may principally represent the products of the realization of social relations, personal identities and cultural forms (Goodale, 200498-110). The general implication of the above argumentation is that specific human rights may be advocated for by calling upon the trans-cultural, but positive, right to difference.This analogy can be stretched further still by acknowledging the unwritten law that anthropologists who study and research instances of societal injustices and assorted cases of human rights abuses do, in the actual sense, bear an ethical obligation to find lasting solutions to these predicaments. In particular, those working with marginal and/or indigenous communities shoulder the responsibility of supporting these groups by all means available, including advocacy as mentioned above (Fried, 196761-69).

Management and Illustrations Pearson Education Essay

This soundbook leave support you in achieving every aspects of your Apprenticeship framework. This section leave sustain you prep be for the ? rst ascertain by your tax assessor, and forms part of the induction to your Apprenticeship. In this section you will ? nd an activity to help you desexualise and gather render for your mind related to this topic 1. Preparing for a Level 3 Apprenticeship some of the evidence you will be asked to provide will be assessed both through documents and travails that you sw aloneow completed in your work and by direct observation.You might be observed by your assessor when you be working. Your supervisory program or other colleagues give the gate also observe you at work and complete a witness statement to give to your assessor. These observations should be of real work activities and non simulated tasks. If you are recorded while you are working, you whitethorn carry to get permission from any colleagues present during the recording. The tasks in this failbook will provide further evidence for all aspects of your framework. You will also take part in handicraftal discussions with your assessor during the visit.Your assessor may want to discuss your progress with your workplace supervisor, so your supervisor will admit to know the planned date of the visit. genuine textual matter and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 1 1 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 blood & memorial tablet 1 1. PREPARING FOR A LEVEL 3 APPRENTICESHIP As a Business & arrangement Level 3 apprentice, you will play an weighty support subprogram at work. You will be physical exertion day-to-day activities in an of? ce setting within a business organisation.You could, for example, be working in a public sector organisation, a charity, a newspaper or in an of?ce in a retail setting. The exact nature of your labor will depend upon your employer. However, it is probably that you will be helping the business ru n smoothly by doing tasks such as typing up meeting documents, handling spreadsheets, and dealing with incoming and outgoing post for the organisation.Ef? cient admininstration helps a business run smoothly. The tasks in this section of the Workbook will help you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of your Apprenticeship. You will explore the components of the Apprenticeship, the strategies for legal opinion and the importance of the Apprenticeship agreement.This will help you to develop an individual learning plan (ILP), which will be reviewed on each assessor visit in a meeting you defy with your tutor and your supervisor. 2 Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration experience AND UNDERSTANDING The tasks that follow will require you to study the Business Administration Level 3 Apprenticeship framework. You will look at the components of the framework and explain why they are important and how they will be assessed.You will also explore the purpose and usefulness of the Apprenticeship agreement. WorkSkills Unit 1 1. 1, 1. 2 1 Task 1a from each one Apprenticeship has its admit framework. The Business Administration Level 3 Apprenticeship is made up of four sections. These are employment rights and responsibilities competence-based element knowledge-based element Key or serviceable Skills. Complete the table on page 4 to show the quali? cations that tell on up each element of your Apprenticeship. State the types of evidence you will consider to gather. Entries for the ? rst element of the framework have been provided as an example.Once you have done this, develop strategies you could use to gather evidence for each element and suggest ways you could specify for any tests in Functional Skills or Key Skills, and in the BTEC certi? cate. Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 3 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration 1 Element Employment rights and responsibilities Quali? cation Why it is important WorkSkills for It helps me to settle into my job Apprenticeships and the Apprenticeship and to understand important aspects of being employed.It helps me to assess my time management, learning and personal skills to figure that I successfully complete my framework. It will help me to think creatively, enquire independently and solve problems. I will look at employment rights and responsibilities, original employment legislation and conditions of service. Ill examine the role of the trades unions. I will also study con? ict situations and learn the steps to take where there is evidence of bullying or discrimination, and ? nd out about sources of support and advice both in and outside work.I will learn the skills needed to lead a team and the roles and responsibilities of a team leader. Types of evidence Completion of tasks and exercises in my Workbook. Performance ev idence, such as observation record and witness testimonies from my supervisor and other colleagues. Work documents, such as contract, job description, payslip, and information about projects that I have worked on. Professional discussions with my assessor. Competencebased element NVQ It will enable me to provide a service direct to internal and external customers whilst winning into consideration company expectations/ amounts and the company code of conduct.Witness statements from my line manager an other colleagues, Planning tools such as mix charts and work plans, Diary pages, Action plans and checklists, e-mails memos and letters. Knowledgebased element BTEC It will help me to understand how Completion of tasks in my to prioritize tasks and produce a workbook and Professional sufficient standard of work. Enable discussions with my assessor. me to understand the requirements of internal and external customers whilst maintaining budgetary requirements. Key or Functional Skills.F unctional Skills are to ensure that you have a good level of job supporting skills in English maths and ICT. Assessment through examination. 4 Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration WorkSkills Unit 1 1. 3 Task 1b The Apprenticeship agreement is a contract entered into between an employer and an apprentice and the Apprenticeship training provider. When you started your Apprenticeship you would have signed an Apprenticeship agreement.The main points that essential be covered in this agreement have been set out in legislation. Describe the purpose of the Apprenticeship agreement. Ensure that you cover all the main aspects of the agreement. 1 Agreeing the programme Business Administration Level 3. Setting out the aims of the programme to acquire a nationally recognized qualification in a organize programme of work based training. Defining the Training Process Initial assessment, Indi vidual learning log, Assessment carried out by qualified training and assessment co-ordinators and standards verified by internal and external verifiers/moderators.Monitoring progress, At any time requested plus a formal review, Progress file continually kept up to date. Terms and conditions. Types of training including mentors. Agreed workplace training course. Employment contract and terms and conditions in like with the company policies and employment legislation. well upness & Safety Company or college? Disciplinary principles and procedures Company or college? Assessment appeals procedure.Preston College will provide me with a competent trainer who is able to offer me the learning, dogma support the relevant work based training, assessment, monitoring and reviews required to enable me to gain the level 3 qualification also offer me an individual work plan and programme which will be validated by the awarding body. I will comply with the terms and conditions set by both my e mployer and Preston College including go to work and set training sessions with my teacher, whilst working through all the units set in my own time, I will present my portfolio and work assignments for verification as requested.This agreement is to protect all parties involved, the signing of the learning agreement is to show that all parties understand what is required of them throughout the duration of the NVQ training process. WorkSkills Unit 1 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3 Unit 7 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 4, 1. 6 PLTS SM 1, 2, 3 Task 1c You will be required to develop an individual learning plan (ILP) as part of the induction visit. To be prepared for this, you will need to understand progression routes that are available to you and be able to set goals for completion of your framework.It is important to negotiate realistic targets to be included in your ILP. Good targets are ones that meet the clever test. SMART targets are Speci? c they say exactly what you conceive to do Measurable you can pr ove you have reached them Achievable they are not beyond your reach Realistic you will have access to all the resources you will need to reach out them Time-related you have set a deadline for completion. Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 5.BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration 1 Prepare notes on the importance of meeting deadlines at work and in learning the importance of being organised. Being organised is key to meeting targets and deadlines, if you are not organised things can easily be missed resulting in deadlines being missed, when carrying out duties that have a deadline if a person is prepared and well organised the actual task will run a lot smoother resulting in the deadline being more likely to be made if not achieved before the deadline arrives.Organisation within the workplace is key for a healthy running business if a workload is organised it is a lot clearer what the objectives of the task ar e and how far they have been completed. It is important to have deadlines for tasks to keep businesss running, if no one had a deadline people are more likely to have a more relaxed attitude to completing tasks and workloads thus slowing down the productivity of the business. Then review your development needs and prepare any(prenominal) notes setting out your skills and learning requirements your learning goals.I have been employed by various companies over a 12 year stoppage in the first place in administrative rolls but each business has had a variety of different administration needs, there have been customer based, reception based, retail based, admin for a single surgical incision and admin for several departments within the business, whilst I do find it beneficial to have a broad knowledge of administration skills most of my abilities are either a basic knowledge or abilities I have developed myself, I would like this course to improve the skills I have already acquired and improve my ability and standard of what I am currently capable of as well as learning new skills to develop my current profession to a very high standard.My goals are to complete the level 3 to a high standard, gain further knowledge of administration & business skills to diversify my capabilities and to be able to give a better work based performance on a day to day basis. 6 Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration Finally, produce targets that you can discuss with your assessor when you meet to ? nalise your individual learning plan.These should be SMART targets, with each having clear deadlines for when they should be achieved. They should relate to learning to be undertaken for the completion of the Apprenticeship framework managing commitments at work and in personal life while on the Apprenticeship contingency planning for learning not being completed on time. 1I plan to c omplete the NVQ with a 17 month period giving myself a month per section, so I can take my time to fully absorb all information required to complete my NVQ to a high standard, to achieve this I plan to spend four hours a week of my personal time, 2 hours on research and planning and 2 hours on practical, written and presentation work, I plan to use any other free time I have in my own time to make sure I am progressing forward at a timely manor which fits in with my out of work commitments, I also plan to use any spare time I may have during working hours to achieve this.As the course must be completed in 24 months I feel that my plan for completion within 17 months gives enough time for any difficulties or unforeseen circumstances I may deduct across.When you have hold your plan with your assessor, you should use your targets to check your progress. Remember to ask your assessor on each visit to sign off any targets that you have achieved and completed on time in your individual learning plan (ILP).Do this on every visit. WorkSkills Unit 1 3. 1, 3. 2 Unit 2 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3 Task 1d When deciding on progression routes, you can look at moving vertically by going up your life history grade step by step or you can move laterally by looking to see what other careers are open to you at the uniform level. Administrators develop transferable skills and can ? nd jobs in many different organisations and sectors. You could also go on to further learning in full-time education.Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 7 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration 1 To complete the ? nal section of your individual learning plan, you will need to look at possible progression routes following successful completion of your Apprenticeship. In advance of your assessors visit, ? rst research useful sources of information on progression routes.These should cover information on further training and education as well as jobs and careers. List the most useful sources of information here. EducationCollege, bragging(a) learning Various college websites Open University www. open. ac.uk Full time Education through college or university Various college and university websites TrainingIn house company training rake Manager /HR Department Outsourced training such as day / week courses with companies such as Hemsley Fraser or GBS Corporate Training www. hemsleyfraser. co. uk/ & www. gbscorporate. com/.CareerIn house job shadowing Line Manager /HR Department Applying for in house promotion Applying for a similar role with better progression opportunities www. gov. uk/jobsearch Use these sources to identify the occupational opportunities in administration and related sectors that particularly appeal to you. Compare the progression routes that you could take to access these opportunities.Administration can relate to many sectors of a business, personally I like that my current role involves admin for most of our departments as it offers a day to day variation, it also gives a broad knowledge of skills required for each department as the duties are not all the same, the variation offers the opportunity to undergo many different day / week courses to gain more knowledge of a particular department which could lead to a preferred area of the business, you could therefore concentrate on gaining knowledge for that department by job shadowing and taking more intense courses such as adult learning and further education to develop the skills to progress to a higher level in your chosen area of business.8 Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration Finally, make a note of your preferred career pathway. You should be prepared to discuss your choice when you meet with your assessor. To help you prepare for this meeting, use the space below to set out the steps required to achieve your career ambi tions. 1.I personally would like to continue with my career as I feel full time education is not right for me, I would like to continue in my current role for the next approximately 2 years to acquire all the skills I feel I would need to progress, I would then like to look at team leader / petty(prenominal) management positions within the office / administration environment looking later a small team as I feel this would be a natural progression route, once secure in a junior management role I would like to take a further education course such as NVQ level 4 and also job shadowing to gain the skill required for a higher management position. BTEC Unit 9 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3, 1. 4, 1. 5, 1. 6, 2. 1, 2. 2 WorkSkills Unit 4 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3, 1. 4, 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3, 2. 4, 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3, 3. 4.PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSION Your assessor will conduct a professional discussion with you that will capture evidence necessary to prove your level of knowledge and understanding of relevant topics. Som e topic areas you will need to consider when preparing for the professional discussion include employment rights the responsibilities of the employer and the employees agreed ways of working in your organisation health, safety and earnest in the business environment.Your assessor will plan the content of your professional discussion and will offer advice to help you to prepare beforehand. The professional discussion may cover more than the topics considered in this section of your Workbook. Original text and illustrations .Pearson Education Limited, 2011 9 BTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 3 Business & Administration 1 sermon process The questioning process will offer you the opportunity to show your knowledge and understanding of employment rights and responsibilities and to assess your own performance at work. To prepare for this discussion, you should think about how you could answer the type of questions that might be asked. What is the purpose of a contract of employment? What terms and conditions are included on your own contract? What are the main areas of legislation that affect employees and employers? What are the main employer and employee responsibilities in relation to equivalence, diversity and discrimination? Why is it important to ensure that equality and diversity procedures are followed? What are your employers responsibilities for ensuring health, safety and auspices where you work? What are your health and safety responsibilities? Why must you comply with health, safety and security procedures? Where would you ? nd out about employment rights and responsibilities?What are the main sources of information at work, and what are the useful sources of information outside your organisation? What are the purpose, depart and responsibilities of representative bodies that support employees? What procedures would you follow in the event of a grievance? What personal information must you keep up to date with your employer? What are your agreed ways of working? What information is contained in your pay statement? What are the main areas of public concern relevant to the sector in which your organisation operates? How have these concerns altered public views about the sector? 10 Original text and illustrations Pearson Education Limited, 2011.

The Concept of Globalisation

There are a plethora of factors that generate played a role in influencing world politics in the twentieth century. There are the political ideologies, apiece with their own agenda, meshinging or similar, such as Communism, Fascism, Nationalism, Capitalism and Socialism. There are the various worldwide treaties and agreements, such as the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations and the United Nations.Accompanying these are economic agreements, which have an ever-increasing role in world politics, like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), plus regional trade agreements and customs unions such as the magnetic north Ameri nookie Free Trade Area (NAFTA), the European Union (EU) and the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). Even the two World Wars have had an influence. However, the single military group that has had the greatest impact on world politics in the 20th century is world(prenominal)isation. Globalisation is a concept with more differing definitions.Bayliss & Smith (1998, p. 15) define sphericalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and v grouch versa. Globalisation is a process that entails the straw man of capital, goods, services and labour around the world. Globalisation is the large control of the worlds thrift by big business, transcending national boundaries. The underlying factors in all of these definitions are that globalization involves worldwide integration of both political and economic ideals.Furthermore, Strachan (1998, p. 159) argues that it involves legal and heathenish integration also. only if does such integration undermine a inelegants sovereignty? Can such integration be achieved without violence and conflict? In order to answer these questions, this essay will examine the dr iving forces behind globalisation, its downfalls and cultural adaptability. Globalisation is an ever-increasing force, even today, as technological advances literally stimulate the world smaller by increasing communication and decreasing travel times, or what can be referred to as the Communication Revolution (Durst, 2000, p. 5).Through massive and rapid improvements in the Information Technology industry tele communication theory, exponential increases in computing power coupled with lower costs and the development of electronic communications and information networks such as the Internet, communications are now possible almost instantaneously between any two points on the globe. The threads of global web are computers, facsimile machines, satellites, monitors and modems-all of them linking designers, engineers, contractors, licensees and dealers worldwide (Sims, 1989, p. 21).Physical distance is now irrelevant. This improvement of communications this century from sailing ship to satellite has contributed directly to the globalisation of the worlds economies and political systems (Rimmer, 2000, p. 3). This has taken place across cultural and physical boundaries, effectively eliminating the capacity of countries to isolate themselves from the rest of the world. A prime causa of this is China. For most of its existence, China has kept its doors closed to the rest of the world. No outside influences reached China and it remained unchanged and untouched.In recent times however, China has relaxed its legislation to sustain foreign investment and trade. Its economy has improved and new information on how to do things more efficiently has been introduced. Borders no longer act as boundaries, particularly with respect to the movement of information and finance. Furthermore, borders are becoming increasingly difficult for governments to define and maintain. Regional conflicts are arising everywhere Sierra Leone, the coup in Fiji, Chechnya, southerly Lebanon and Ko sovo. As a result, national governments are being forced to redefine their roles, responsibilities and policy relationships.Thus, globalisation has raised fears that the sovereignty of nation conjures is being undermined. If sovereignty can be defined as the ability to exercise control without outside interference, then nation states are clearly experiencing diminished sovereignty. Governments have no prime(a) but to recognise and work on the assumption that most issues they are required to deal with are come toed by or will affect the international competitiveness of the country. Governments own responses to globalisation or the search for joint solutions to global problems have further effects on sovereignty. confederation in international organisations or the adoption of international agreements puts limits on policy options available to governments (Rimmer, 2000, p. 5). Instead of independence, the world is now pursuing interdependence. Proponents of globalisation argue that coloured action is non the most effective way to achieve policy goals. In combating environmental problems and international crime, the interests of individual nations can only be protect by collective action. This belief has led to competition between countries on almost all fronts.International investment is encouraged by the activities and mobility of multinational corporations, convey that most domestic policies such as education and training, taxation, social protection, economic regulation and labour legislation have become international. Even a countrys domestic management policy is a matter of great concern to its trading rivals, because this will in the end affect a countrys efficiency and competitiveness. Therefore, government policies must increasingly be made more consistent with, or competitive to, those of their trading rivals.Robert Reich is a strong supporter of globalisation, print the book entitled The Work of Nations. In his book, Reich argues that it is alre ady too late to stop globalisation. His view is supported by Joan Spero, US Under Secretary of accede for Economic Affairs, who states that capital now moves around the world with startling speed. Each day over US $1 trillion is traded in a global foreign exchange market that never closes. (Spero in Strachan, 1998, p. 156). Reich (1991, p. 112) argues that there is no such thing as an the Statesn product anymore, giving the example of an ice hockey stick.It is designed in Sweden, financed in Canada, assembled in Cleveland and Denmark out of alloys patented in Delaware and fabricated in Japan and finally distributed in North America and Europe. There are many rebukes of globalisation and Edward Herman (1999, pp. 3-5) classifies his criticisms into a number of categories. Two of those are that, firstly, globalisation is undemocratic and secondly, that it is an assault on labour. In the United States, normal opinion polls showed the general public was against NAFTA, even after inces sant propaganda, but the mass media supported it and it was passed.In Europe as well, polls have shown persistent majorities opposed to the introduction of the Euro, but a powerful elite supports it, so it moves forward. Globalisation has been a tool serving elite interests. This contradicts the democratic and democratic utopia that these regions have been relentlessly encouraging during the 20th century. Globalisation has also steadily weakened democracy because the containment of labour costs and scaling down of the welfare state has required the business minority to establish firm control of the state and remove its capacity to respond to the demands of the majority (Herman, 1999, p. ).One of the main objectives of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) movement abroad, for example Nike manufacturing shoes in Korea, has been to tap cheaper labour sources. Labour is often cheapest, and least prone to cause employer problems, in authoritarian states that curb unions and enter into re alistic joint venture arrangements with foreign capital, as in Suhartos Indonesia and PRIs Mexico. Once again, this directly contradicts governments agendas.Publicly, politicians speak out in support of foreign aid, human being rights and equality, while behind closed doors they are endorsing and funding TNCs operations that exploit cheap labour in third world countries. Another criticism of globalisation is that it is against the very nature of culture. Culture derives its diversity from the differences between different human communities and the distinctions between their respective geographical roots and historical experiences.Globalisation disregards these factors and ultimately aims to treat the entire world population as if they have the same tastes, personalities, customs, traditions and language, through a universal government system. If this were to be so, the world would be a very boring, robotic, monotonous place, devoid of any form of culture. The ramifications of this are wide-ranging. Diversity, variety and room for change are lost and forgotten. Identities of oneself are lost I is replaced with we. major power is placed into the hands of a select elite few, very oligarchic and undemocratic.If a group of countries were to unite under a common government, equality would not be established. Such a grouping would encompass a wide spectrum of political views, ideologies, religions, races and colours. Instead of one whole body, there would be many minority groups. This transfers an unequal balance of power throughout the states. As the regional conflicts in East Timor, Yugoslavia and Chechnya have shown, conflict shall arise. There are too many barriers to beat which only leads to frustration and violence. A Commission on Global Governance (COGG) has been established since 1992.In a report published in 1995 entitled Our Global Neighbourhood, the commission argued that countries have to accept that in certain fields, sovereignty has to be exercised collectively (Strachan, 1998, p. 155). Once again we have a contradiction in terms by definition, collective and sovereign are exact opposites that are mutually exclusive. Having stated all the above criticisms, it is important to mention that there is no perfect system in society today that is capable of running a country absolutely efficiently.In fact, conflicting ideologies often correct each other. Communism corrects the equality problem of democracy and democracy corrects the problem of efficiency of communism. By choosing one system or the other, up risal and discontent from the people is inevitable. But is it possible to combine the two? Hitler and Mussolini argued that fascism was the third way an alternative to capitalism and socialism. However, fascism led to the death of more than six million Jewish people, so it excusable to be wary of anyone offering a third alternative.So globalisation has had the greatest impact on world politics in the 20th century, primarily becaus e of the technological advances in telecommunications and information technology. This is most likely to continue through this the 21st century. The criticisms of globalisation are that it undermines sovereignty, exploits third word countries and is undemocratic. However, there is no practicable alternative at this time and globalisation is already well-spread and embedded in economics and politics. For now, the world will just have to go with it.

Safety First

It is my affair to ensure that in all members of the band and entourage are aware of the health and safety implications of using computers. I have decided to design a simple post horse to illustrate to staff the dos and dont of using a computer.ResearchI did around question into the major health issues associated with the accustom of computers. I decided to delectation the internet to do this. There are many websites on the internet and so to cut slash my search, I used a Boolean search, which is using words such as and, non and or. utilize +, and another(prenominal) operations would also help me to find the websites I needed e.g. computer + health and safety. By typewriting this in, I found many useful websites. The main, understandable websites I found were* www.learninglink.ac.uk/keepfit/* www.utoronto.ca/safety/ergoweb/vdt.html* www.intranet.westminster.org.uk/help/ oecumenical/Health_Safety/H_S.asp* www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/index.asp?PAGE=ohse.computer* www.healthycompu ting.com/office/setupI also used www.waverley.gov.uk/environment/has_computer.asp which proved to be a very useful website.Major Health and Safety Issues Associated with the Use of ComputersFrom looking at these websites, I got some ideas of the safety issues that should be considered when using a computer and I was then able to make up some of my own safety precautions for using a computer. I decided to include the following* exercising blinking regularly* Rest your eyes during breaks* Take frequent posture breaks* Occasionally stop and dilute at your desk* Check that direct light is good enough for you to read the information on the overwhelm without straining you eyes.* Vary the distance of the screen from your eyes.* Angle screen to reduce glare* Keep the screw and shoulders relaxed and the elbows in close to the waist.* Ensure that the backrest of the chair is adjusted to provide good support, particularly for the shorten of the lower back (lumbar area).* Position the scre en directly in front of you and tilt it so it is face you* Tilt the keyboard using the small feet at the back, so you can type youre your wrists straight* Rest your wrists on the desk when not typing* Do not grip the mouse tightly* Keep the neck and shoulders relaxed* localize the chairs height and angle* Keep your feet verticalDeciding upon a software to useI chose to use the package Microsoft newspaper publisher rather than Microsoft Word (word processor). MS Publisher can be used to take pages that combine school schoolbook with graphics and this makes it ideal for the production of my poster. However before choosing to use MS Publisher, I considered using Microsoft Word as it can insert pictures and WordArt and this would be useful for the production of my poster. However, I before long completed that Word Processor is mainly a type of software used for writing text edition e.g. letters and stories.Word Processor also pushes the text out of the way when a picture is inse rted. canvas MS publisher to Word clearly showed me that MS Publisher was a more suitable software. Using MS publisher has many advantages like having more control over the way in which text is laid out compared with an ordinary word processor. Pictures and text boxes can be laid out highly accurately, giving a professional look to my poster. Therefore, using this software for my poster is ideal and MS Publisher proved to have many advantages in producing my poster.Format of postersNow that I had d one and only(a) some research and found some information to put into my poster, I looked at posters on walls to get a around idea of how big my poster should be, what it should look like and how much information should be included. I realised that most of them had big, eye-catching titles and very little writing. Most of them had pictures and diagrams and information was put in short sentences. about posters had a labelled picture. I realised that colour is a great way to enhance a pos ter, draw someones attention and to make a poster look more attractive. People will not read a lot of text, and certainly wont read standard journal-sized text, and so a big grimace must be used for my poster. My poster also needs to be understandable, but most of all it needed to be attention-grabbing. In order for my audience to look at my poster in detail, it has to be eye-catching and noticeable.I decided to make a rough plan of my poster first, on an A4 component part of paper.Creating My PosterI opened Microsoft Publisher and realised that it did not have a poster woof and in that locationfore I had to consider using a different layout or a Quick Publication. I browsed around the MS Publisher options and realised that it did have a poster option on the blank Publications section. I decided to use this option to create my poster. This option allowed my poster to be more than one A4 page. In fact, altogether it would be 60cm by 45cm this in total is nine pages. I started to make my poster by looking at my first draft. I used the measurements tool palette to place the text boxes in a position that I wanted. This was a useful advantage of MS Publisher and do my poster look professional.ModificationsWhen I had completed my poster, I printed it off and showed it to a champ, who critically appraised my work. I make the following adjustments* My friend had pointed out that my title could be bigger and bold so that it was more eye-catching.* My friend pointed out that my poster could be much more exciting by adding a background, and more colour. Therefore, I added a background.* My friend also pointed out that my poster was too plain and dull. He also told me that there were too many white bits on my poster, and more colour was needed. Therefore, I chose to fill the titles background yellowish and the other text boxes light purple.Overall, all these modifications contributed to the overall professional manner of my poster, making it eye-catching and brigh t. I then printed out the last and final version of my poster, which came out to be in total, nine pages. on the whole these pages contained tiles, which made it easy to cut and stick these pages together, so that all the words and all the pictures joined up accurately. Unfortunately, I did not have enough time to cut and stick these pictures together, however I tranquilize think my poster is big, eye-catching and easy to understand.