Dream Relationship With Psychological Well Being - 968 Words

Dream Relationship with Psychological Well-Being Rachael Martinez S0072674 Front Range Community College Dream Relationship with Psychological Well-Being We are always trying to decipher our dreams in one way or another. Are our dreams tied to our emotions? Are they triggered by random thoughts? What are the meaning of our dreams or do they not mean anything? This longitudinal study is going to help us answer some of those questions. There have been several studies throughout the years regarding dreams states, but this study is the first published in 2006 that reviews the correlation between dream content and psychological well-being (Pesent Zadra, 2006). Please follow along as we review this important study. This study examines the correlation between our dream states and our psychological well-being conducted by Nicholas Pesant and Antonio Zadra. They had two hypotheses they were testing in this study. The first one they tested is does the participants psychological well-being scores correlate with their positive or negative dream characteristics? The second one was would their dream characteristics change over the two different time periods of the study if the psychological well-being scores reduced? In the main body of this review will be discussing the method, process, results and a discussion about this study. The first step that was taken was to recruit the participants’. They used the newspaper to announce their series of studies looking forShow MoreRelatedDream Relationship With Psychological Well Being865 Words   |  4 Pages Dream relationship with Psychological Well-Being Rachael Martinez S0072674 Front Range Community College â€Æ' Dream relationship with Psychological Well-Being We are always trying to decipher our dreams in one way or another. Are our dreams tied to our emotions? Are they triggered by random thoughts? What are the meaning of our dreams or do they not mean anything? This longitudinal study is going to help us answer some of those questions. There have been several studies throughout the yearsRead MorePeoples Psychological Well-Being and Their Everyday Dreams: Critical Analysis of a Study871 Words   |  4 Pagesoverall objective of the study was to test the continuity hypothesis by investigating the relationship between peoples PWB (psychological well-being) and their everyday dreams. It seems as if the researcher wished to determine whether individuals who suffered from bad dreams and nightmares also suffered from low self-esteem and self-worth during their waking hours; or in other words their psychological state was one continuous state during both their waking hours, and during the time they wereRead MoreA Summary of the Film Soul Surf er1617 Words   |  6 Pagessupport and Bethanys faith help her to garner the psychological strength the protagonist needs to overcome the adversity of the shark attack. The films protagonist, Bethany Hamilton, is young but demonstrates remarkable maturity for her age. She is passionate about and committed to surfing as a recreational activity and also as a professional sport. Bethany has a strong Christian faith, which is shown to be an important part of her character as well as her family background. Bethanys parents TomRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. The first stream of well-founded thoughtRead MoreFreuds Impact on the Field of Psychology Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagestheories that we later use today as a measuring stick to reveal what a person’s true motives are. He was well known for his dream theory (Oliveira 2011). He believed that our dreams consisted of fears, desires and emotions that we are usually unaware of when we are conscious. Freud shed light on negative dreams as a form of â€Å"wish fulfillment†. Wish fulfillment is when primary motivations for dreams in which develops an unconscious desire or urge, unacceptable to the ego and superego because of sociologicalRead MoreAnalysis: Our Love Now841 Words   |  4 Pagesestablish how the poet uses psychological, physical and emotional parameters to convince his lover that their relationship is not dead. This poem could be classed as a Metaphysical Love poem. The poem ‘Our Love Now is a modern poem written by Martyn Lowery. The poem is an argument between two lovers and is written in stanzas where the man speaks first expressing his opinion and then the woman’s. The man is of the opinion that whatever has occurred within the relationship negatively can be repairedRead MoreSigmund Freud : The Psychology World1482 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved these glimpses of unconscious impulses can be revealed in everyday life, dreams, memory blocks, spontaneous humor, and slips of the tongue. He also believed that when unconscious conflicts came to an extreme, psychological disorder could occur. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality provided a basis for a type of psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis is a type of psychotherapy in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressedRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby1238 Words   |  5 PagesSince Columbus made land, people have been searching for the â€Å"American Dream†. Many people have their own idea and ideas that have changed over a period of time, but what exactly is the â€Å"American Dream† defined as .Origins of the dream have been rooted in the pioneering mentality of the eighteenth and nineteenth century immigrants, most who came to America because of a promise for a new and better life. The American Dream was sought through hard work and determination. After the time of the WorldRead MoreThe Requiem For A Dream1533 Words   |  7 PagesStudents Requiem for a dream is a very fast paced psychological thriller that explores how drug addictions can destroy the dreams of the people that are users. A psychological thriller explores the thoughts and actions of a person, is usually set in or around the home of the people that are influenced during the film, and usually focus on certain themes such as death, perception of reality, identity, and the purpose of life. Requiem for a dream is a great example of what a psychological thriller shouldRead MoreStress Among Stress And Stress1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States, stress problems are common. According to, â€Å"The American Psychological Association (2017)†, â€Å"Stress in America† is rated to be present in one-third of the population. There are so many studies which associate with stress levels at any particular moment of their lives. When stress occurs repeatedly, the incidence of its occurrence is much higher when you think of throughout a lifespan. When talking about stress, it’s regarding the reference to the negative experiences that overwhelm

How Does Browning Tell the Story in the Laboratory

How does Browning tell the story in â€Å"The Laboratory†? Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"The Laboratory† is set in France before the French Revolution. The dramatic monologue is about the narrator herself and her plotting of revenge against her previous lover and his current mistress and it tells the reader how she plans on doing so. She believes her actions in the story are justified and reasonable. In the poem, the story’s tone is established with the setting, which also helps create vivid imagery for the readers, making it easier to put into context and understand. Browning uses the title to set the scene for the story, as â€Å"The Laboratory† is a place where scientific experiments take place. But oddly, in the poem it’s a place the narrator†¦show more content†¦She is considered less worthy than them, which only strengthens her resolve to demonstrate her superiority through the murder. One could argue that the speaker has never actually been involved with her beloved, since she gives no direct proof of a relationship. Further, as her lover and competitors all know that she is aware of the affair, it is possible that they do not even know they are offending her in any way. There is also, in the empty church line, the slightest indication that perhaps she was seeking guidance from God and she was commanded to murder her; similar to the story of Abraham in the Bible when God commands him to kill his son. Much can be drawn from Brownings masterful subtly. Finally, sexuality is presented in this poem as something capable of great horror. In the same way that the bright, pretty poison will ultimately cause painful death, so does the allure of sexuality have a dark side. Sexuality is certainly behind whatever actions have led this woman to the apothecary, but it is important to keep in mind her willingness to use it on the apothecary in the final stanza, when she tells him, You may kiss me, old man, on my mouth if you will! Perhaps this poem should not be taken as a moral message but rather read it as his uses of values, which also surround their opposite. What drives men and women to celebrate life, or start it, can also cause that life toShow MoreRelatedMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning1529 Words   |  7 PagesNot Go Gentle Into That Good Night, Havisham, The Laboratory, My Last Duchess and On My First Sonne have all crafted very emotion based poems, all 6 present strong feelings. Some through manic speech and rhythm, others through a deeper meaning. I would say the majority of these poems (Havisham, Duchess, Laboratory and Photographer) all feature protagonists with mental disorders, after or during certain situations. My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is about a pretentious man looking back on the fateRead More Porphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and The Laboratory Essay2600 Words   |  11 PagesPorphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and The Laboratory In this essay I hope to prove that Robert Browning’s murder mystery poems are fulfilled with intrigue and excitement. I also hope to prove that in his poems he creates vivid characters and uses poetic techniques to expose a world of madness and wickedness. To show that the statements above are true I will be writing about the characters, the poetic features in each poem and the madness and wickedness in each poem. This essay will includeRead MoreExploring Themes in Sonnets1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe six poems that I shall be comparing are: Sonnet 116, My last duchess, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, The highwayman, The laboratory and The ballad of Tam Lin. There is a common theme that runs through all of these poems of relationships and the love in them whether it be the love lost between two lovers such as in the Laboratory or a fantasy love such as in The ballad of Tam Lin. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the speaker of the poem comes across a knight all alone and who is apparently dying in a fieldRead More Dead Men Do Tell Tales Essay2533 Words   |  11 PagesDead Men Do Tell Tales In the book, Dead Men Do Tell Tales, by William R. Maples, Ph.D. and Michael Browning, a story is told in how the dead, no matter how dead, still â€Å"talk† to us. The book is appropriately titled because, according to Dr. Maples, truth is discoverable, truth wants to be discovered (2). Dr. Maples tells us of what it is like to be a Forensic Anthropologist. Dr. Maples does not hold anything back in any of his descriptions, from the smell of corpses to the explanations of maggotsRead MoreComparing The Ways Writer Present Doubts, Uncertainties And Conflict On The Minds Of The Characters4552 Words   |  19 Pagesdue to poetry being able to connect with the reader, even if they are not in the same situation. However they are still able to feel what their character is feeling and what state of mind they are in. Poems also tend to be short so that the reader does not loose concentration nor loose the power of the poem, but instead the poet chooses to write to a short limithowev er they choose their words carefully so that the reader will be intrigued and contemplated the whole way through the poem however leaveRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesAirlines CASE STUDY II-3 Norfolk Southern Railway: The Business Intelligence Journey CASE STUDY II-4 Mining Data to Increase State Tax Revenues in California CASE STUDY II-5 The Cliptomaniaâ„ ¢ Web Store: An E-Tailing Start-up Survival Story CASE STUDY II-6 Rock Island Chocolate Company, Inc.: Building a Social Networking Strategy CASE STUDY III-1 Managing a Systems Development Project at Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. CASE STUDY III-2 A Make-or-Buy DecisionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesan OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise WorkforceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, edsRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesit is evident that the transition of HR management at GE Fanuc and at Bank of Montreal has enhanced organizational competitiveness and success.1 4 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment â€Å" HR should be defined not by what it does, but by what it delivers. DAVID ULRICH Human Resource (HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish the organizational goals. As human resources haveRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesto competitor analysis 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Learning objectives Introduction Against whom are we competing? Identifying and evaluating competitors’ strengths and weaknesses Evaluating competitive relationships and analysing how organizations compete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profiles Competitor analysis and the development of strategy The competitive intelligence system The development of a competitive stance: the potential

Personal Transferable Skills

Question: Discuss about the Personal Transferable Skills. Answer: Introduction Employment skills are also called Transferable Skills because they can be transferred from one field to another. People develop these skills among themselves in all the areas of their life such as school college sports events once these developed can be transferred to any job, developing these skills helps in getting a push to a career and be successful in the corporate ladder. Personal transferable skills or employable skills are the most essential skills for any employee or candidate seeking a job (Ashcroft, 2012). As Per a research most of the candidates graduating from Colleges are unemployable because they lack the general employability skills (Rarr, 2014) such as communication skills, leadership skills, time task management also team working skills. These skills are developed over time by the candidate in his social setting, college and general upbringing environment various events he participates in and day to day life chores (Skills you need, 2013). An Australian research in the year 2013 Identified 4 main clusters of skills which contribute heavily in career planning and getting a job. The four Clusters are (Bennett, 2014) Communication Skills which involves effective speaking, listening and writing, computing. Problem solving skills which includes decision making and follow through, research about the social and political factors, reworking and applying knowledge. Team work skills includes cooperating with others, handling disputes, managing differences, motivating people etc. Managing and organizing skills includes planning and executing tasks, decentralize authority and responsibility, handling contingencies and ability to work independently. Skill Gap is the major concern which every employer faces, Skill gap may be defined as the difference in the skill which the employer wants and what is available in the person looking for a job. US in 2014 had 4.3million jobs on offer while 9.7 million people were looking for a job thats almost 2 people for 1 job and yet the employers couldnt fill all the position with people of right skills (Shah, 2013). To understand and know what are the major skills that an employer wants two Areas Namely Accounting and Finance IT were taken up with five Job Advertisements of each area analyzed. Job advertisements were taken From Seek.com- Leading Job search portal in Australia. Accounting and Finance Job Advertisements (Seek, 2016) Company Job Responsibilities Educational Qualifications Skills Required Payroll plus Assistant Accountant Balance sheet management Invoicing Tax Audits Preparation of returns Financial reporting CA/CPA qualification 2+Years of experience in same Industry o Self -Motivated o Team Player o Excellent Communication o Data analysis Prosperity advisers Accounting Tax Adviser business restructuring, tax planning and research, benchmarking and cash flow analysis CA qualified with 3+ years experience in a chartered environment. o strong business acumen o Excellent communication o Client handling o Team Leader o Developing network and Strong business ethics QBE Finance Business Partner financial analysis and commentary annual budgeting process Monthly management reporting CA/CPA qualified FPA/ business partnering experience o ability to work to deadlines with excellent time management and organizational skills Excellent communication and inter-personal skills o negotiation ability skills Bentley Findex Internal Auditor audit process, including scheduling and scoping the audit, designing and executing audit tests, drawing appropriate conclusions and drafting audit reports. CA, CPA, CIA or equivalent 3+ years of experience o Strong understanding of business o Excellent written and oral communication o Team and task management skills o Good with deadlines Lloyd Harrington Australia Business Services Manager Client handling training and development strategy MBA -Finance With 2+ years of experience in the same industry o Perfect written and verbal communication skills o Excellent interpersonal skills. o Relationship handling o Team leadership skills Source: Own IT Job Advertisements (Seek ,2016) Company Job Responsibilities Educational Qualifications Skills required Melbourne Water Business Analyst functional and system analysis standard business analysis and process improvement techniques. Business finance/ IT related discipline with 3+ years of relevant experience Extensive experience in Business Analysis negotiation and customer service skills collaborative team player effective interpersonal skills Telstra Senior Business Analyst Establishment of TSS Reporting Framework and development of TSS Tactical Reporting Business, Finance and/or IT related discipline with demonstrated experienced in a similar role. Good Business Acumen Ability to communicate effectively Good written English skills Self-motivated Virtualite Automation Test Analyst Design test scenarios Review business, technical and architectural requirements Design and execute test scripts Experience with Backend API testing: REST, JSON, XML Experience testing iOS and Android mobile apps Good reporting skills Ability to handle team Virtualite Front End Developer Google Analytics and A/Bsplittestimplementations data analysis UI Design Development for Desktop, Mobile apps Experience in UX/UI and digital analytics Knowledge of JavaScript HTML5/CSS3 Time and task management J5 Group Senior Information Security Consultant Review technology objectives and security requirements, deliver security solutions governance and risk guidance internally and externally. Extensive Security Consulting experience minimum 3years - Internal or External understanding of Security Architecture Stakeholder management Team Worker Good negotiation skills Source: Own Findings For all the advertisements analyzed in accounting and finance vertical the major requirement was excellent communication skill, Data analysis skills, Team player, Problem Solving skills and time and task management skills and good negotiation skills. When analyzing the IT vertical job advertisements, the major requirements were communication skills, good understanding of the subject (Technical skills), Ability to handle team, time management skills. In both the verticals it was communication skills which were most important as right from the start we have to have the ability to communicate what we are trying to say. Most of the jobs require reporting to senior officials through presentations, business reports therefore good written and oral communication skills are demanded. Top Five Skills required by the employers (Career studies, 2015) Communication skill Negotiation skills Time management skills Relationship management skills Team player Conclusion Personal transferable skills or employable skills are what determines the success of a person in the corporate ladder. From the above findings, it can be easily concluded that communication skills- oral and written are most demanded by the employers (Smale Fowlie, 2015), there are enough opportunities in the world and the kind of skill gap faced by the employer it wont be difficult for the someone to grab the opportunity if focused well on the top five employability skills. References Ashcroft, L. (2012). Developing competencies, critical analysis and personal transferable skills in future information professionals. Library Review, 53(2), 82-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530410522569 Bennett, R. (2014). Employers' Demands for Personal Transferable Skills in Graduates: a content analysis of 1000 job advertisements and an associated empirical study. Journal Of Vocational Education Training, 54(4), 457-476. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13636820200200209 Career studies,. (2015). 1. Top 10 Transferable Skills. Career Studies GLC2O. Retrieved 30 December 2016, from https://www.careernotes.ca/employability/top-10-employability-skills/ Rarr, V. (2014). 99% of today's graduates are not employable - Vanguard News. Vanguard News. Retrieved 1 January 2017, from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/99-todays-graduates-employable/ SEEK - Australia's no. 1 jobs, employment, career and recruitment site. (2016). Seek.com.au. Retrieved 30 December 2016, from https://www.seek.com.au/ Shah, S. (2013). The use of group activities in developing personal transferable skills. Innovations In Education And Teaching International, 50(3), 297-307. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2012.760778 Skills you need, (2013). Transferable Skills | SkillsYouNeed. Skillsyouneed.com. Retrieved 1 January 2017, from https://www.skillsyouneed.com/general/transferable-skills.html Smale, B. Fowlie, J. (2015). How to succeed at university (1st ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Teen Sex Stats Essays - Midwifery, Fertility, Sexual Acts

Teen Sex Stats Alarming Statistics: - 1 of 10 women b/w 15-19 years of age get pregnant every year, 83% are unwanted or unplanned - 50% of unmarried teens who get pregnant do so within six months of their first sexual experience - approx. 50-60% of adolescent girls and 75% od adolescent boys have had sexual intercourse by the time they graduate from high school - 61% male and 48% female high school students engage in sexual intercourse - as of 1992, 54% of all high school students are coitally experienced, the majority do not use condoms consistently - only 40% of girls who leave high school because of pregnany will graduate from high school, only 2% will graduate from college before 29 years old - a growing number of adolescents are having sexual intercourse before the age of 13 - 40% of all adolescent females will become pregnant before they graduate from high school - almost 1.1 million teen pregnancies will end in abortion or miscarrige - of 500,000 births occurring in adolescents girls each year, 31,000 occur in girls under 15 - 3 million 13-19 year old are infected with STDs not including HIV or AIDS - STDs infect 10,000 13-21 year olds yearly - estimated 10-12 million Americans have STDs - 15-19 year olds accounted for 24% of reported cases of Gonorhea - incidence of clamydia of infertility is reported to be 5-30% in sexually active ttens - average age for initiation of sexcual intercourse is now mid-late adolescense - United States holds the highest rate of teen pregnancy of any delevoped nation Human Sexuality

Business Writing is Easier Than You Think

Business Writing is Easier Than You Think Letters, memos, business plans, technical papers, presentations, reports, meeting summaries, agendas – whatever your business communication, the first rule is Dont panic! Writing for business can be easy and, yes, even fun, if you just take the time to plan before you write.Whats the purpose of your message?Are you writing a letter to request more information about a product or service? Are you enclosing a cover letter with your resume? Did your supervisor ask you to prepare a presentation for the next sales meeting? Does your class assignment include creating a business plan? No matter the situation, you first must determine the reason for your message.Who is your reader?Once you know your purpose, picture the person(s) who will be reading your message. A teacher? Another student? A business owner? Your boss? Identifying the recipient of your message will allow you to choose words and phrases that will be meaningful and understandable to your reader, so that your reader react s favorably. Consider education, position, age, gender, interests and other demographic and psychographic details that might affect how your message is received.How can you make your message complete and accurate?Research the most recent and reliable sources to collect information for your message. Sources might include the library, colleagues, company files, other students experience, or the Internet. Use your general intelligence and common sense to filter the information that should be included, and keep in mind that your goal is to be factual and to provide all the details that your reader needs to understand and process your written communication.Its time to do an outline!An outline gives you a working framework from which to write your final message. It doesnt have to be fancy or even typed as long as it organizes your material and thoughts in a logical manner, based on the purpose, reader and information you have collected.For example, if your reader is expected to be pleased and interested in your message:Opening – Present your idea. You dont have to prepare your reader for your message.Middle – Include details.Closing – Close with a positive, friendly conclusion.If, on the other hand, your reader is expected to be displeased or uninterested:Opening – Present an idea that is either neutral or gets the readers attention.Middle – Give evidence to convince the reader of benefits.Closing – Close with a positive, friendly conclusion and, if required, state action to be taken by the reader.Choosing the right wordsTo communicate clearly, choose words that result in clear, concise, correct, descriptive and complete thoughts. That doesnt mean that you have to enhance your vocabulary with $100 words and phrases; big words dont translate into big ideas or positive reactions unless they clearly communicate your message.Use simple languageThe test of clarity is that your message is impossible to misunderstand and requires o nly one reading. Use short, familiar words and conversational words to make your writing clear. Your goal is to express, not to impress.Be conciseSay what you have to say in the fewest words possible. Open with a short, strong, attention-getting paragraph; your reader wants to know right away what this message is about. Eliminate meaningless or irrelevant words and phrases that may hinder the reader from getting to the main point. Then, when youre ready to close, close! Some examples of wordy vs. concise phrases include:Wordy: A long period of timeConcise: A long timeWordy: Contact you by telephoneConcise: Call youWordy: In the event thatConcise: IfWordy: It is probable thatConcise: ProbablyWordy: With this letter, I am enclosingConcise: Enclosed isWordy: Your check in the amount ofConcise: Your check forWordy: Due to the fact thatConcise: BecauseWordy: Please do not hesitate toConcise: PleaseWordy: At the present timeConcise: NowUse correct EnglishYou owe it to yourself and your re ader to use correct grammar, spelling and punctuation. Incorrect writing is distracting and undermines the readers confidence in your competence and accuracy.Use specific descriptive words and phrasesAppeal to your readers senses while you make your message clear and interesting by providing a mental picture:(Vague and boring) The biology class went on a field trip.(Clearer and more interesting) Mrs. Adams biology class went to the Museum of Natural History to study wild animal habitats.Create an appropriate toneThe least important word you can use in any business writing is I. At the beginning of a letter or paragraph, avoid starting with I when you can just as easily begin with an introductory phrase or sentence related to your reader. Your attitude when writing should always be positive, friendly and sincere, no matter the subject. To ensure that your messages impart an appropriate tone (the way the message sounds to the reader):Consider the readers desires (instead of I cannot s hip your order until July 15, write Your order will be shipped on July 15.).Show sincerity (instead of Thank you for your order, write Thank you for ordering the Officemate Desk Chair; we know you will appreciate the extra comfort and functionality.).Show courtesy (instead of You have been added to our list of satisfied customers, write We are pleased to have you as a new customer).Select positive words (instead of Unfortunately, the warranty on your lawnmower has expired; however, we will repair it and charge you for parts, write We will be happy to repair your lawnmower. Your only charge will be for parts as your warranty has expired.).If you are struggling with your business writing, let common sense prevail.You cant produce successful business communications without thoughtful preparation and adherence to the rules of English – common-sense strategies for everything you write. If the only guidelines you follow are the ones on this page, youll be well on your way to impres sing your readers with your command of business writing skills.

The Present Participle in English

The Present Participle in English A present participle is a  verb form  (or verbal)- made by adding -ing to the base- that often functions as an adjective. Present participles are the only verb forms that are completely regular. The present participle (also known as the -ing form) is used with a form of the auxiliary be to express the progressive aspect. For a discussion of the differences between present participles and gerunds (both of which end in -ing), see gerunds. Examples and Observations The hotel were staying in is super deluxe, and we have a working television set.(Cristina Garcia, I Wanna Be Your Shoebox. Simon Schuster, 2008)The Mole had been working very hard all the morning.(Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, 1908Working in shifts, we get the grave dug by early afternoon and return to the bunkhouse.(Guy Vanderhaeghe, The Englishmans Boy. McClelland Stewart., 1996Im looking for something in an attack dog. One who likes the sweet gamey tang of human flesh.(Mr. Burns in The Simpsons, 1992Looking back you realize that a very special person passed briefly through your lifeand that person was you. It is not too late to find that person again.(attributed to Robert Brault)And standing on the sidelines during those first games were the veterans, holding the spaldeens, bouncing them, smelling them in an almost sacramental way.(Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life, 1994When suffering comes, we yearn for some sign from God, forgetting we have just had one.(Mignon McLaughl in, The Complete Neurotics Notebook. Castle Books, 1981 I drive through the electric gates of a three-acre estate, passing landscaped gardens before I pull up in front of a neocolonial mansion, parking beside a Bentley, two Porsches and a Lamborghini Spyder. Moonsamy, wearing jeans and a T-shirt, is waiting for me at the door.(Joshua Hammer, Inside Cape Town. Smithsonian, April 2008Their hair in curlers and their heads wrapped in loud scarves, young mothers, fattish in trousers, lounge about in the speed-wash, smoking cigarettes, eating candy, drinking pop, thumbing magazines, and screaming at their children above the whir and rumble of the machines.(William Gass, In the Heart of the Heart of the CountryAlthough we have traditionally thought of the participle as an adjectival (and that is certainly its more common role), some participles and participial phrases clearly have an adverbial function, providing information of time, place, reason, and manner, as other adverbials do.(Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar. A llyn and Bacon, 1998 Walking through Sherwood Forest at sunset, we could feel an air of mystery, as if the ancient trees had a story to tell, if only we could hear.(Winsoar Churchill, Robin Hoods Merry England. British Heritage, April 1998Standing near the door, we dipped our fingers in the holy water, crossed and blessed ourselves, and proceeded up to the sleeping-room, in the usual order, two by two.(Maria Monk . . . StandingIn the shoes of indecision, I hear themCome up behind me and go on ahead of meWearing boots, on crutches, barefoot, they could neverGet together on any door-sill or destination- (W.S. Merwin, Sire. The Second Four Books of Poems. Copper Canyon Press, 1993 Whats the Difference Between a Gerund and a Present Participle? Both of these -ing forms are verbals. A gerund functions as a noun:  Laughing is good for you.  A present participle functions as an adjective: The old laughing lady dropped by to call Usage Advice: Not Simultaneous Not Simultaneous. The misuse of the present participle is a common structural sentence-fault for beginning writers. Putting his key in the door, he leapt up the stairs and got his revolver out of the bureau. Alas, our hero couldnt do this even if his arms were forty-feet long. This fault shades into Ing Disease, the tendency to pepper sentences with words ending in -ing, a grammatical construction which tends to confuse the proper sequence of events. (Attr. Damon Knight) (Bruce Sterling, A Workshop Lexicon. Paragons: Twelve Master Science Fiction Writers Ply Their Crafts, ed. by Robin Wilson. St. Martins Press, 1997 Time and the Present Participle The problem of teaching the participle is certainly not simplified by the fact that this term is obviously a misnomer. The student, accustomed to present tenses which indicate present time, and past tenses which indicate past time, cannot comprehend the sophistry of a present participle which indicates now present, now past, now future time. . . . Why insist on calling the participle in -ing present no matter what time it happens to be indicating? (Karl G. Pfeiffer, The Present Participle- A Misnomer. The English Journal, 1931) Also Known As: active, imperfect, or -ing participle

Recent Developments in the UK Housing Market Essay - 1

Recent Developments in the UK Housing Market - Essay Example The researcher states that the government should renovate existing houses because the households earning low incomes are entirely relying on private rented sectors that are not regulated. These areas are characterized by poor living conditions and security. It is important for the government to develop more housing because there are more than 1.7 million families on local authority housing waiting lists. This is a significantly huge number. The government should ensure that the new houses are environmentally friendly and affordable to everyone needing them. The first time buyers in the UK property market are important because they act as liquidity source to the whole housing market. These first-time buyers generally bridge the gap thus enhancing transactions as regards the housing property. The rates of transactions that proceed in the housing market may stall if the first time buyers are unavailable. Between 1998 and 2007, house prices increased steadily in the United Kingdom, makin g the ownership for the first buyers to be unaffordable. Interest rates for the first time buyers affected them to a comparatively wide margin. This is because the group may not have built up a previous equity and many of them may be earning low incomes than other people. When the first time buyers think of house affordability, they first consider the real interest rates given. On the other hand, the first time buyers may face more severe affordability burdens when prices of houses quickly upsurge. Lastly, it is imperative to note that structural shifts in mortgage or credit availability are other factors that led to fall of first-time buyers purchasing homes. In 2010, the government introduced a mortgage rescue scheme that protected the low-income households from being recuperated. The mortgage scheme consisted of two parts including the equity loan which was an interest loan issued by various housing associations. The interest rates could pay off between 25% and 75% of the mortgag e rates thereby reducing monthly costs. On the other hand, an interest rate of 1.75% was implemented on the loan.

Financial Reporting & Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Reporting & Analysis - Coursework Example The researcher of this coursework describes the subject of the conceptual framework in financial accounting as well as on an evaluation of whether the criticism, that is leveled on the conceptual framework for failing to fulfill its main objective depends on outlining the main objectives of conceptual framework and comparison with what is undertaken in the field by the practice. The analysis depends on actualizing that the conceptual framework financial accounting concurrently reflects, represents, mirrors, or measures the normal feature of the pre-existent economic reality. The conceptual framework can further be analyzed in terms of the evaluating the accounting principles, inherent concepts and enhanced or entailed focus of general function financial reporting elaborated in the Conceptual framework. The main idea behind the introduction and development of the conceptual framework lies in the provision of the structure for creating accounting standards that act as the main or sole center for resolving emergent accounting disputes. In conclusion, the researcher sums up his study and opinions and states that the criticism of a conceptual framework for being a failure and not satisfying its purposeful roles is hence notable and real. Lack of certain rules in the frameworks denies the essential regards desired for control of the professional. The framework, hence requires a streamlined approach aimed to mend the framework that would create a real economic approach that is healthy for the accounting profession in entirety

Automobile - Fuels Essay Example for Free

Automobile Fuels Essay General Motors has been at the center of one of the nation’s largest controversies over clean emissions-cars. In 1996 the company introduced the EV-1 electric car in California and Arizona. Hundreds of the electric cars were soon on the road. Then they all disappeared. The mystery behind their disappearance is the subject of the documentary Who Killed the Electric Car? Electric vehicles had many advantages over their competitors in the early 1900s. They did not have the vibration, smell, and noise associated with gasoline cars. Changing gears on gasoline cars was the most difficult part of driving, while electric vehicles did not require gear changes. Even though the cars seemed to be the next big thing, they ended up being not so successful. There have been many allegations to whom or what happen to kill the electric car. In 2000, tragedy struck as all EV-1’s were recalled. In 2003, California’s zero emissions vehicle mandate was killed and General Motors officially closed down the entire EV-1 project despite the long waiting lists and positive feedback from EV-1 drivers. This terrible crime did not go unnoticed by the public. Consumers were outraged by the recalling of EV-1’s. They wanted to know why someone would get rid of a car that would help out the environment and would make things better for the future. Someone is to blame for killing the electric car, but who? Was it the big oil companies and their fear of losing money? Could it be the battery technology in the EV-1’s that was faulty?

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Education Statement

My Philosophy of Education The obstacle of finding a career is something we are all faced with at one time or another. Fortunately for me, I found this decision to be a very easy one, because I have a love for teaching. The decision of my career was clear. I was going to become a teacher. The nature of students, or at least most students, is to learn and master problem-solving abilities in order to be a successful adult. I believe the student’s nature is ever changing, therefore, in that perspective, I agree mostly with progressivism. People are natural explorers, and the mind of the human is designed for problem solving. One person whose views I share is John Dewey, who is the founder of progressivism. Mr. Dewey said the schools should teach children how to think with â€Å"continuous reconstruction of experience†. Schools should not teach children what to think but how to think through a continuous reconstruction of experience. I also agree with Mr. Dewey that students should be given the power to make decisions on issues that will affect them. Participation of decisions, in life makes for a well-rounded student and adult. Knowledge must continually be redefined and rediscovered to keep up with the change. You can listen to the older generations and how they were taught and how the generation of today is taught. The older generation used small black boards to write on; where as today, the generation has computers to help in their education. The nature of ...

Communication Case Study Essay

1. Which barriers to listening described in Chapter 3 might make it difficult for Mark and Kate to hear one another’s perspectives when they meet to discuss the situation? Listening is very important in communication. This is the key to effective communication. Listening effectively is one’s ability to fully understand and interpret messages sent by the speaker. In Mark and Kate’s situation, there are listening barriers that prevent and make it difficult for them to fully understand one another. In Kate and Mark’s situation, and many other people’s situation, psychological barriers are the most common. Emotions became a distraction to listen what the speaker has to say. Just when Mark is calling her attention about doing the job right, Kate already started to put up her guard and defended herself. Most people, including myself, get anxious when we hear criticisms about ourselves. There are many things that are already playing inside our mind about the situation. This makes it difficult to listen to what the other speaker has to say. We tend to be close-minded in situations like that. In addition, under the psychological barriers is the egocentrism. The book says, â€Å"your own ideas are more important or valuable that those of others.† Kate mentioned the situation about her ideas being shot down. She believes that her ideas or suggestions are not as important as the other members of the team. If we believe that our ideas and suggestions are not appreciated well like others, we tend to not listen anymore because we feel like whatever we do, it will not be treated the same as others. On the other hand, Mark needs to carefully listen to what Kate has to say. Since he already listened to what the other members of the team said, he also needs to understand why Kate acts the way she is acting. I believe in Mark’s situation, an environmental barrier is present. I am not sure if the influence of other people is under this category. Mark became so focused about his own observations of Kate’s actions and what the team was saying about her. If he is only to focus on what he had observed and what other said, it will be a huge problem and understanding each other will be too difficult for them. 2. Consider the listening styles discussed in Chapter 3. Present evidence that indicates each person’s styles, and then describe how this knowledge might have created a different communication outcome for Kate and Mark. Kate is a critical listener. In this particular scenario, she became exaggeratedly overreactions on Mark’s message. If only Mark and Kate are relational and analytical listeners, a better situation and outcome of the meeting could’ve been in place. For example, if Kate is an analytical listener, she will be more concerned about fully understanding the message before making a judgment. She could’ve seen the situation like Mark must have been concerned about her and wants her to become better at the job. Instead of taking it in a bad way, she could’ve seen the feedback as a room for improvement on her performance. On the other hand, Kate could really be an analytical listener. She might have just over analyzed the situation that worsens her interpretation of the information conveyed by Mark. Yet, if Kate become more professional about it, she should clarify the message she received with Mark instead of making her own conclusions and interpretations. This is one problem when we tend to just hear not listen. In addition, if Mark will be a relational listener, he will be nonjudgmental about what Kate was saying. He will be able to further help and understand her with the situation. He also must understand where Kate is coming from. Instead of firing her, he can offer her some support and resolve the issues arising within the team. The issue must not only be addressed just between Kate and Mark. It must be resolved together with the whole team. This is to eliminate any other future similar issues. They all need to listen not just hear so they can properly communicate. If they are effective listeners, ideas of each members of the team will be evaluated in the s ame importance as the others.

Letter from George Essay

I’m sorry I haven’t written to you in a long time but a lot of things have happened since I last wrote, unfortunately its bad news this time. It all started when Slim and Curley came in the bunkhouse arguing one night. Then Curley turned to Lennie and says â€Å"what you laughing at†, and then he started lashing out at Lennie and smashed him in the nose. I couldn’t stand it anymore Lennie wouldn’t fight back so I told him to â€Å"let him have it†. Lennie caught Curley’s punch, then he crushed it and he wouldn’t let go. When he let his fist go it was flattened, not a bone was left unbroken in his hand. I was sure Lennie and I were going to get canned but Slim saved our skins. He told Curley that if he told anyone what happened and get us canned, we will tell everyone then he would get the laugh. That was good of Slim. I was all right at this point, I was happy, I thought if Lennie play and I our cards right and keep clean for a month we will get our fifty bucks each and get that ranch with old Candy. I started to believe our dream could really happen. All the lads and me were playing horses shoes late Sunday evening. I heard shuffling footsteps from the barn, I looked and saw Candy making his way towards me. His body language said every thing, when he looked at me I felt that something was wrong. He came to me said quietly â€Å"you better come to the barn†. When I saw Curley’s wife lying there dead the painful thought going though my mind that I had no other solution to this problem but assume that it was Lennie and knew that was what Candy was thinking. At this point the dream was over for sure of a little ranch. I knew this was the end of the road for Lennie. I knew Curley would want lynch him so Candy and I discussed what we were going to do. I went to the bunkhouse and got Carlson’s gun, while Candy went to get the boys. My memory flicked back to the night Carlson shot Candy’s dog. I went to the barn and heard how they were all planning how they going to get him, Slim reassured me that it was the only way. The others went of all armed; they all went the opposite way to where Lennie should be. I knew he would be by the river where we slept a few nights ago, I told him if he ever got into trouble to go there and wait for me. Sure enough he was there, looking at him made me shiver about the thought of my duty ahead. Lennie expected me to be angry with him but I told him visualise the dream of the imaginary ranch and how the rabbits would hop around and there soft hair. When he looked away I ended his life hoping he was going to a better place. As his lifeless body hit the ground it set a feeling guilt that was unimaginable. I looked at my right hand, which held the gun I throw it away in disgust. I’ve moved on now people, just don’t care about ranch hands. Best of luck Tom perhaps life will treat you better than Lennie and I.   

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS essays

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS essays John Quincy Adams was born in Braintree (Quincy), Massachusetts on July 11th, 1767. His ancestry lineage was English. Adams religion was Unitarian. His father, John Adams, was born in Braintree (Quincy), Massachusetts on October 19th, 1735. He died in Quincy, Massachusetts on July 4th, 1826. He had three major occupations. He was a lawyer, a statesman, and the President of the United States. His mother, Abigail Smith Adams, was born in Weymouth Massachusetts on November 11th, 1744. She died in Quincy, Massachusetts on October 28th, 1818. John Quincy Adams had two brothers: Charles Adams who lived between the years 1770 and 1800, and Thomas Boylston Adams who lived between the years 1772 and 1832. He also had two sisters: Abigail Amelia Adams who lived between the years 1765 and 1813, and Susanna Adams who lived between the years 1768 and 1770. Louisa Catherine Johnson was born in London, England on February 12th, 1775 and she died in Washington DC on May 14th, 1852. Louisa was the second daughter of Joshua and Catherine Johnson. John Quincy Adams and Louisa Catherine Johnson were married before eleven a.m. on July 26th, 1767 in London, England at the All Hollows Barking Church. They were married by Mr. Hewlett. The portrait on the next page is of Louisa Catherine Adams at age 43. It was painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1818. John Quincy Adams and Louisa Catherine Adams had four children. Their children were George Washington Adams (1801-1812), John Adams (1803-1834), Charles Francis Adams (1807-1886), and Louisa Catherine Adams (1811-1812). John Quincy Adams had plenty of education, which helped him in his election as President. He studied in Paris, Amsterdam, Leyden, and The Hugue. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1787 from Harvard and studied law from 1788 to 1790 with Theophilus Parsons. His Pre-presidency occupations consisted of being a lawyer and a professor. These jobs helped Ada...

O Little Town of Bethlehem in Spanish

O Little Town of Bethlehem in Spanish Here is a Spanish version of the popular Christmas hymn O Little Town of Bethlehem. It was originally written in English by American clergyman Phillips Brooks. Oh pueblecito de Belà ©n Oh pueblecito de Belà ©n, cun quieto tà º ests.Los astros en silencio dan su bella luz en paz.Mas en tus calles brilla la luz de redencià ³nque da a todo hombre la eterna salvacià ³n. Nacido el Mesà ­as ha, y en Su derredor,los santos ngeles de Dios vigilan con amor.Albenlo los astros; las nuevas proclamadque a los hombres dan la paz y buena voluntad. Oh, cun inmenso el amor que nuestro Dios mostrà ³al enviar un Salvador; Su Hijo nos mandà ³.Aunque Su nacimiento pasà ³ sin atencià ³n,aà ºn lo puede recibir el manso corazà ³n. O, santo Nià ±o de Belà ©n, sà © nuestro SalvadorPerdona nuestras faltas hoy y danos tu amor.Los ngeles anuncian la prometida luz.Ven con nosotros a morar, oh Cristo, Rey Jesà ºs. English Translation of Spanish Lyrics O little town of Bethlehem, how quiet your are.The stars silently give their beautiful light peacefully.But in your streets shines the light of redemptionWhich gives everyone eternal salvation. He was born the Messiah, and in his surroundingsGods holy angels lovingly keep watch.Stars, praise him; proclaim the newsThat they bring peace and goodwill to people. Oh, how great is the love that our God demonstratesby sending a Savior; He sent His Son.Even though His birth occurred without receiving attention,the quiet heart can still receive him. O holy Child of Bethlehem, I know our SaviorForgives our faults today and gives us His love.The angels announce the promised birth.Come dwell with us, oh Christ, King Jesus. Translation Notes Pueblecito is not capitalized in the title. It is the practice in Spanish to capitalize only the first word and proper nouns in composition titles. The interjection oh is less common in Spanish than in English but usually has similar meaning. Although their sound is the same, it should not be confused with the conjunction o nor the letter O. Pueblecito is a diminutive variation of pueblo, a word meaning people or, in this context, town. A diminutive can indicate not only that something is small, but also that something is the object of affection. So pueblecito might be thought of as meaning dear little down or sweet little town. Belà ©n is the Spanish name for Bethlehem. It isnt unusual for names of cities, particularly those well-known centuries ago, to have different names in different languages. Interestingly, in Spanish the word belà ©n (not capitalized) has come to refer to a nativity scene or a crib. It also has a colloquial use referring to confusion or a confusing problem. Note how in the translation many prepositional phrases have been translated as English adverbs. For example, en silencio becomes silently and con amor becomes lovingly. Although most such phrases can be translated word for word to English, it often sounds more natural to use adverbs in English. Astros can refer to stars or other celestial bodies. Estrella is a more common word for star. Beautiful light could be rendered as either bella luz or luz bella. With the adjective (bella) before the noun (luz), the phrase is given a more emotional quality than it might have otherwise, although the difference between the two isnt readily translatable to English. Mas is a somewhat old-fashioned word meaning but. More common today is pero. It shouldnt not be confused with ms, which usually means more. Although hombre normally refers to an adult human male, it can also refer to humanity in general, especially in literary use. In this way, it is much like the English man. Use of cun instead of quà © to mean how is infrequent in everyday speech and is limited mostly to poetic use. Manso isnt a particularly common word. It is often used to refer to docility in animals. Prometida luz is translated here as promised birth. Out of context, the phrase normally would be translated as promised light. But the phrase dar a luz (literally, to give to light) means to give birth, and prometida luz here is probably poetic reference to that meaning. Parts of this song use an unusual word order to maintain the correct rhythm for the music. Most notably, Nacido el Mesà ­as ha (the equivalent of something like born the Messiah has been) would typically be written as Ha nacido el Mesà ­as. It is extremely unusual to separate ha and other forms of haber from a past participle when forming the  perfect tense.

The Determinant Power of Education on Economic Development Term Paper

The Determinant Power of Education on Economic Development - Term Paper Example The researcher states that obvious determinants of economic development include, but are not limited, to the following: the overall number of human resources available within a given geographic region, the overall number of raw material or prevalence that might be exhibited within a given geographic space, distance to determine the market, and last but not least the overall education level of the workforce. It has been broadly assumed over the past several decades, without a great deal of analysis, that education levels dramatically impact upon the overall rate and extent to which economic development is able to take place. However, a more thorough analysis of the issue does not necessarily reveal this simplistic interrelationship. Instead, stronger more market-driven determinants have been effectively determined to have a profound impact upon economic development; at least as compared to the overall education level of the human resources that might be available within a state. As a function of this understanding and analysis, the following paper will provide a literature review, methodology, data analysis, references, and appendix that describes the impact and importance of education in terms of economic development. The underlying hope of the author is that such a level of analysis will be beneficial in providing a more determinant of how economic development can effectively be engaged and how stakeholders can seek to promote further levels of economic development within their respective spheres. One of the first pieces of literature that were reviewed in terms of this particular focus has to do with Singh and Hensel’s article entitled â€Å"Impact Of Extension Education On Improving Knowledge Of Sustainable Technical Agricultural Practices†. Within the article, the authors consider the means by which the United States economy has changed as a function of time. Essentially, manufacturing and the production of durable goods within the United Stat es was a staple of economic development; even as compared to service industries or any other sector of the economy.

How a Firm's HR Strategy Could Be Its Source of Competitive Advantage Essay

How a Firm's HR Strategy Could Be Its Source of Competitive Advantage - Essay Example This paper illustrates that HRM has come about as a feature within the modern day organization which has changed its face upside down. It has turned the tide in the favor of recruitment and selection policies, made aspects like performance management rewarding, focused more on incentives and bonuses, relied on the importance of having a proper hiring and firing regime and many other initiatives are also in line when one thinks of HRM in the truest sense. The single most basic aspect that HRM brings to the fore is its ability to make the employees and workers feel counted for their actions and they realize that their voice is also getting heard within the midst of any company, firm or entity so to speak. Competitive advantage is important to understand because it dictates the manner in which HRM brings in the much touted for the value of the organization. The differing stance of the organization in terms of its human resources is manifested through the competitive advantage which is d ocumented in a number of varied ways. It must be remembered here that competitive advantage works to the benefit of the HRM regimes and thus building up of the same would mean incentives for the organization in the long run. It must be understood that competitive advantage and HRM work hand in hand, in order to bolster the organization in different ways – all of which build value at the end of the day. The origin of HRM thus emanates from the auspices of a single department taking care of all the management concerns. This would include finance people handling recruitment and selection duties as well as top management taking care of each other’s dealings and duties. What HRM has changed is to provide the employees a department for their own selves and now they know they could make themselves feel heard when it comes to drafting policies, amending proposals and strategies and changing the course of action as per the employee undertakings and similar avenues of employee s cope are concerned. Thus the most basic definition of HRM is to devise means for getting to the employees in a direct manner – taking care of their concerns, rewarding them for their works, listening to their demands and getting work done out of them.

Values Scenario 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Values Scenario 1 - Essay Example I was very happy at this time because of achieving great success. Godly virtues and values are discussed in this stage. I declare that God’s values such as honesty, faith and being compassionate to others have been very important in my life. Drawing example from the Bible one can see that Job was faithful to God, and that is why he was healed. In addition, forgiveness is a value that is of important to God. From the Bible, we know that God gave his only son for the sake of forgiveness of our sins (Gulla 34). I have succeeded in my exams and interviews because I had enough faith in God. Being a compassionate guy I have impacted on disabled persons, whom I assist with food and clothing. I felt satisfied when I managed a whole project by myself through perseverance and the same time having self-discipline. The completion of the project fulfilled my ultimate desire that one can succeed in life if you have self-drive and self-discipline. That success partly guaranteed me that I will be successful in future when a drive myself in every aspect of life. Other factors that contributed to that fulfilment include the support from my colleagues and the honesty in my work. My personal and work values include teamwork spirit, success, self-discipline, faith, perseverance and compassion. The experience, of working in a team, is memorable since it has led to success in our football club, schoolwork and at the workplace. My role models such as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs have utilised the teamwork, perseverance and self-discipline values to achieve

The Impact Of Ict On Accommodation Sector Tourism Essay

The Impact Of Ict On Accommodation Sector Tourism Essay Domestic and international tourism in New Zealand has grown significantly in the past decade and shows every sign of continuing to do so. A vital component of the tourism industry is the Accommodation sector. Over 3000 accommodation enterprises employ more than 20,000 New Zealanders on a full time equivalent (FTE) basis and bring important economic benefit to both rural and urban settings. The accommodation sector is characterised by considerable uptake of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in areas such as bookings, Property Management System (PMS) and back-office functions. This research aims to create a better understanding of how ICT adoption is influencing the demand for, and use of, accommodation in this important sector and how enterprise owners and managers feel about the ICT issues that stem from the tourist influences. The research is based on: (i) a review of global and local research in tourism, ICT and accommodation use; our findings reveal that ICT adoption is having important impacts on accommodation use and demand in both small and large enterprises, the researcher conclude with the presentation of a major findings and some thoughts on approaches that may enhance the ability of the accommodation sector to cope with the complex interactions between ICT adoption and tourism activities. 1.2 INTRODUCTION The increasing use of the Internet and other communication technology is changing the way the industry does business, allowing small operators to access those interested in their product irrespective of location, and allowing firms of all types to reap productivity gains, (Bahalis 1998, 2003). Tourists are also able to benefit from additional transparency in pricing and the ability to customize the experiences they seek (Inkpen 1998; Milne et al 2004). Medlik and Ingram (2000) stated in many years, hotel are important attractions for visitors who bring with them spending power and who tend to spend at a higher rate than they do when they are at home. Through visitors spending, hotel thus often contributes significantly to local economies both directly and indirectly through the subsequent diffusion of the visitors expenditure to other recipients in the community. However, the pattern and structure of the accommodation sector, growth in tourism, increase in capacities, globalisation and technology innovations has been the contemporary force for the hotel chains to extend their presence worldwide, achieving huge marketing success and market identity. Their success is not based only on promoting only one standardised product buy by introducing multiple brands which differentiate their services offered in the eye of the tourists. According to the international Hotel and Restaurant Association (IHRA), there are over 300 hotels chains which comprised one third of the worlds accommodation capacities. New Zealand is very much part of this dynamic and competitive tourism environment. The New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2010 (TIANZ 2001) identifies tourism as one of the nations key earners of foreign exchange and argues that the industry is likely to play a growing role in the future of New Zealands economy. During 2002 over 2 million international visitors spent an estimated NZ$6.140 billion. Taking into account the direct and indirect effects of this expenditure and the not inconsiderable (but harder to estimate) impacts of domestic tourism we see that the industry contributed approximately 9% of New Zealands GDP for the year to March 2002 and 14.3% of total exports (Statistics New Zealand, 2003). Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are a key element in attempts to enhance the yield of the industry. It has also been suggested that ICT change the very rules of tourism with industry leaders being forced to adopted new managerial and strategic best practice (Buhalis 2000, Law 2001). The New Zealand Tourism Strategy has as one of its key strategic objectives the need to build the ICT capability of New Zealand tourism enterprises, especially among the 85-90% of businesses that are classified as small tourism enterprises (STE) (Nodder et al 2003a). The Strategy identifies tourism as a knowledge and information-based sector and highlights the ability of ICT to collect, analyse and distribute information widely across the sector supporting a better understanding of visitors needs, preferences and behaviours. It is also argued that ICT can foster a higher degree of interaction between stakeholders through an internet presence, email, electronic discussion groups and teleco nferencing. Such networking and linkage formation offers the opportunity to realise enormous benefits (Nodder 2003; Nodder et al 2003). This research addresses these issues in the context of the New Zealand accommodation sector. Accommodation represents the cornerstone of both the international and domestic tourism markets and accounts for a major component of total tourist spend. The sector is relatively labour intensive and is a significant employer in both urban centres and more peripheral rural regions (Morrison and Thomas 1999; Statistics New Zealand 2003). It is a diverse industry including everything from large hotel with multinational organisational structures, through to small owner operated motels and bed and breakfast establishments. 1.3 Aims and Objectives The core objectives of this research are to: To develop a clearer picture of the current competitive context facing the accommodation sector in New Zealand, in order to provide a backdrop to the ICT and labour use dimensions that from the focus of the research. To gain an understanding of how ICT is being adopted and used in the New Zealand accommodation sector and to review wherever possible the differences that exists between small and large operations and between those operating in rural and urban settings. To provide a clear sense of how ICT adoption is influencing the demand for tourist and the workplace organisation and use of workers. In particular we focus on themes of hiring, internal communication, productivity, turnover and retention and processes of customer out-sourcing. To synthesize and discuss findings and present some tentative ideas that can assist the accommodation sector, and the regions that depend on it, to better anticipate and respond to the sometimes complex links between ICT adoptions and tourism demand for modern technology. 1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW It is important to note the international literature has generally shown that in the past small tourism firms have been less likely to implement ICT than their larger counterparts (Mutch, 1998; Paraskevas, 2002; Milev and Marsh 1998). Studies in the US, for example, show that managers in larger properties (greater than 300 rooms) attach significantly more important to the Internet as a tool to make reservations and analyse the competition than their smaller counterparts. Similarly, they rated its importance as a means to communicate with colleagues, vendors and corporate offices significantly higher (Van Hoof, et al, 1998). This is also fits the patterns seen in the studies conducted in the UK (Sigala et al, 2002, Evans and Peacock 1999; Buick, 2003, Main, 2001) and elsewhere (Milne and Pohlmann 1998). Resent years have seen a growing number of small operations embracing ICT for no other reason than they simply have no choice (Ateljevic 2002). The competitive cost of being invisible in a sector that is increasingly dominated by web-based booking systems is too great to bear for small operators who are already facing low margins and growing competition (Buhalis 1999). Thus ICT uptake is growing rapidly and, in the case of New Zealand, the use of computers, email and the Internet is reaching near saturation levels (Nodder et al, 2003a). Nevertheless it is important to note that there are varying levels and degrees of ICT use and many commentators argue that the sophistication with which hard and software is used still lags behind larger operators, even though the actual equipment may be in place (Milne et al, 2004). The reason for the past, and sometimes present, lag in ICT uptake and use by small businesses are many and varied and are inevitable shaped by both internal and external (environmental) factors, ICT use by smaller accommodation operators tends to be dominated by accounting functions, data processing and inventory management tools. While email and website use is also increasingly common as noted above this is not necessarily enough to meet the evolving demands of increasingly technologically savvy consumers. Buhalis and Laws (2001) discuss the behaviour of these new consumers who are becoming more used to interacting in an electronic environment and are increasingly demanding that tourism enterprises be easily accessible on the Internet. Not only do they require access to information but also the ability to book online and submit payment in a secure environment (Mason and Milne 2002; Gatty and Blalock 1998). Buhalis (2003, 143) comments on a number of factors that determine the introduction of ICT by SMTE. Factors originating in political, social and economic forces can lead to the uptake and development of technology as part of broader strategies. Thus it could be said that the new, sophisticated consumer is pushing SMTE to respond and increase efficiencies (Nodder 2003; Milne et al, 2004). Similarly, SMTE who are forming strategic alliances in order to increase their influence on a global market require the support that can be delivered by up-to-date ICT. As pointed out by Cooper (1998), accommodation is the fundamental element of the tourism product, not only is it the largest and most ubiquitous sub-sector within the tourism economy. The accommodation sector is the essential components for the tourism development, planning and economy within any destination and consists of different sub-sectors from which hotels can be considered as the significant one. It is on this premise that Medlik and Ingram (2000), contributed by saying that the primary function of a hotel is to accommodate those away from home and supply them with their basic needs but through the years the diversification in the provision of accommodation as tourism products, change in consumer demand, needs and expectations, globalisation and modernisation challenge has given rise to an increase level of ICT competition among accommodation service providers. The accommodation sector and the impact of technology have had great influence on the distribution of the accommodation products. The development of technology has seen accommodation providers reviewing their marketing strategy and delivering their product via an innovation distribution channel. The Global Distribution Channel (GDS) and Computer Reservation Channel (CRS) represent the strongest distribution system for hotels and international chains. According to Travel Mole (2001), the Hotel Electronic Distribution Network Association has reported that hotels bookings made through Amadeus, Galileo, Sabre, Sahara and World span grew 11.4 percent in 2000, with 48,787,000 bookings. The evolution of the internet provide the opportunity for the online booking through a central reservation system as well as the implementation of online marketing strategy and interaction with customers such as the e-commerce. However, it shows that despite the impact of the environment, seasonality or technological, the accommodation industry will still continue to innovate and diversify and expand to cater the demand in tourism products. 1.5 Accommodation, and ICT a review ICT are increasingly recognised as a critical part of the strategic management of accommodation organisations irrespective of size (Buhalis, 2003 p51). Studies of the significant intra-firm impacts of new technologies have been paralleled by broader analyses of ICT ability to alter distribution network and global industry structures (Nodder et al, 2003). Internally there has been a focus on the impact of technologies in both front office and back office areas with an emphasis on point of sale (POS) technologies, in-room entertainment, back-office accounting, human resources management and supplier relationships (Anon 2002b; 2003b, Baker and Sussman 1999). Emphasis on the broader impacts of ICT has been placed on airline-based Global Distribution Systems (GDS) and Computer Reservation Systems (CRS), Property Management Systems (PMS) and Destination Management Systems (DMS) (Milne and Ateljevic 2001). The latter have been used by enterprises to enhance performance in the global distribution channels that dominate international tourist flows, and to create seamless integration between internal technology use and the outside world (Go and Pine 1995; Gray et al, 2000). In simple terms, tools that facilitate the transmission of information and a level of interactivity between tourism operator and consumer are indispensable to each stage of the tourism value chain, especially when considering distribution and the ability to enter new markets (Buhalis 2001a, b). There are a number of ways that Information and Communications Technologies can enhance the performance of an accommodation enterprise and assist in gaining competitive advantage (Baker et al, 1999; Baum and Odgers 2001; Buhalis 2001c, Milne and Pohlmann 1998). These include; allowing a quicker response time to market and immediate processing of enquiries; integrating different applications to allow seamless processing with reduced error; sharing of resources; increasing capacity of work flow and worker productivity; customization and/or standardisation of key product offerings; flexibility and the adaptability needed to keep pace with the fast moving market, and the ability to creating communities of online suppliers and clients (Murphy 2003; Mutch 1998; Sigala et al 2001). The relationship with the customer can therefore be enhance at the information gathering and pre-arrival stage, during the arrival, check-in and stay stage, and also in the departure and post-stay stage. The ability to mine data gathered from clients and to measure the performance of individual workers and departments also makes it easier to benchmark, compare and contrast performance across global boundaries while also creating localized improvements (Van Hoof 1996, 2003). The accommodation businesses has this concern of improving market share and increase profitability as a result of providing a unique experience to customers with the accommodation structure located within an ecologically fragile natural environment. So it is very important that accommodation businesses adopt an environmental management scheme by adopting water conservation concept by reducing water usage mainly in areas where there are water shortage, energy conservation, for example the Hong Kong Guide identify a way for saving energy with the use of a computer which controls energy and even rooms in a way that as soon as a room is vacated and doors shut the light will shut automatically. Technological innovation is also depicted as an improvement in a product or service performance in terms of quality, cost, speed or number or characteristic (Cohen Levinthal, 1990). The technological innovation within the tourist accommodations activity has to capture the particular and differential features of sector, characterized by the nature of the service. According to Gallouj and Winstein (1997) there are some aspects that characterize service and have a great influence on the definition of technological innovation. Those can be relevant to the accommodation sector in the following ways: First, there is a close interaction between production and consumption (coterminality) that makes difficult the typical product and process manufacturing distinction. The coterminality implies that the innovation activities will focus on service individualization, adapting the service provided to the customer requirements. Moreover, the coterminality leads to a higher degree of service heterogeneity the exchange object differs from one case to another. Only institutional changes, effectively implemented as a business strategy, must be regarded as technological innovations, and not those spontaneously generated and derived from human interaction. This characteristic fits on the hotel set of services provided to their customers. The second is the intangibility and growing information contents in the provision of services. The information and communication technologies play a critical role in the innovation activities of tourist accommodation businesses: to reach the potential customers with information that helps to get the deeper understanding of the service purchased; to reach the largest share of the demand; to obtain and process the information for a better business performance. The role of human resources as a key competitive factor. The importance of the human factor in service activities is associated with the capability to establish the quality and features of the service finally provided. Training and education activities are explicitly considered as one way to improve and upgrade the technological capabilities of service companies. Changes in the organization architecture can be linked to the introduction of new technologies, and should be included as technological innovation activities. These organizational issues are relevant in the accommodation industry to fulfil the services requirements. As Weiermair (2001) notes, Information and Communication Technologies play an integral role in enabling tourism operators of all types to act local and think global. Information and Communication Technologies have been claimed by many commentators to be the backbone of the tourism industry (Wong 2001; McCann 2001; Applebee et al, 2000; Connolly and Olsen 2001) and accommodation is no exception to this rule. ICT is seen as a vital, and often somewhat overlooked, element that shapes and underpins management of operations, human resources, sale and marketing and accounting and finance (figure.1) Indeed ICT is seen more and more as an enabler of competitive improvements for both small and larger enterprises alike (Anckar Walden 2001; Gretzel and Fesenmaier, 2000). The tourism industry includes a wide range of activities such as restaurants, entertainment, transportation and accommodation. A rigorous and reliable analysis of the technological change focuses on one of these activities that include a homogeneous set of companies with similar production functions inputs, outputs and available technology and market environment. The homogeneity of the available data and the relative importance within the industry, make advisable to choose the hospitality business as the field of the study. The lodging sector is an outstanding tourist activity since is a sine qua non in the provision of all the other tourism services, being the basic requirement of the tourist at the destination point. Figure 1: The integral role of ICT in the accommodation sector (Connolly and Olsen, 2001, 87) Connolly and Olsen, 2001, 87) Within New Zealand, like elsewhere around the world, the government and major telecommunications enterprises have a vital role to play in providing the connectivity and bandwidth to support ICT uptake and effective use in business (e.g. Ministry of Economic Development Project Probe initiative) and in which industry and business leaders to build capabilities (a key objectives of the eCommerce Action Team ECAT). As Nodder (2003) notes, however, these initiatives have often highlighted the needs of large businesses, sometimes overlooking the SME that are vital to sectors such as accommodation. 1.6 The New Zealand accommodation industry an overview The New Zealand accommodation industry is made up of a range of segments and is not an easy sector to define. The researcher begin this section with a short discussion of definitional issues revolving around accommodation type and size, then address issues related to the sectors overall size, economic value and geographical structure. Defining accommodation and size The key elements are defined below and are based on the descriptions provided by one of the nations leading providers of accommodation based information the Automobile Association (see www.aatravel.co.nz):  Ã‚ ¬ Hotels: includes both hotels and resorts Hotels of world class standard are found in major cities, leading provincial and resort areas. They have bar and restaurant facilities. Rooms have phone and TV, toilet, bath/shower facilities and usually have tea/coffee making facilities. Country hotels and pubs offer clean, pleasant rooms. Hotels and pub can refer to taverns without accommodation. Some sporting lodges and upmarket resorts offer exclusive hideaway location with top-class facilities.  Ã‚ ¬ Motels: includes motor inn, apartments and motels These are a popular form of accommodation for domestic travellers and family groups as most units offer self catering facilities. They also have phone. TV tea/coffee, bathrooms and toilet facilities; they have made up beds, bedding and parking. Breakfast can usually be ordered at an extra cost.  Ã‚ ¬ Hosted: includes private hotels, guesthouses, bed and breakfast, and holiday farm (farm stay) accommodation Guesthouses may sometimes be in restored older buildings, not all include breakfast. Private hotel means no liquor license. Home-stay and farm-stay normally means accommodation is available in the family house, though a separate annex or cottage may be included. Bathroom may be separate or shared. Guests may share home cooked meals with their hosts or fellow travellers, breakfast is usually included in the tariff, and other meals are sometimes available by prior arrangement.  Ã‚ ¬ Backpackers/Hostels Generally independently owned, with an emphasis on enabling travellers to mix and mingle. Most offer a mix of shared rooms (dormitories) and double/twin/single rooms. Prices can start as low as $15. The focus market for this group is often younger independent travellers.  Ã‚ ¬ Caravan parks/Camping grounds. Tent sites, caravan sites, campervan sites etc with central toilet facilities and recreational facilities (games, TV rooms), some also offer onsite cabins which offer beds and a roof but little more, some are more upmarket with ensuite facilities, TV etc. Industry Characteristics The New Zealand accommodation sector continues to grow although periods of International uncertainty and domestic overseas economic fluctuations have impacts on the industry from time to time. Although there are some sectoral fluctuations overall trends in occupancy rates have been rising during the past five years (Figure 2). The relatively robust nature of the industry is underlined by the fact that during this period the global tourism industry has faced some of its most challenging times with the spectre of terrorism and health related pandemics creating a major downswing in international arrivals for several developed and developing nations. Figure2: Five years trends in accommodation sector occupancy rates (Source: Statistics New Zealand, 2004) Performance in the past year has been steady with most segments of the industry showing little growth. The overall occupancy rate for February 2004, excluding Caravan parks/camping grounds, was 69 percent, the same rate as that recorded a year earlier (Table 3.1). Hotels and motels both recorded rates of 72 percent in February 2004, while backpackers/hostels recorded a rate of 63 percent. Four of the five accommodation types recorded increases in guest nights in February 2004 compared with February 2003. Total guest nights in short-term commercial accommodation were 3.2 million in February 2004, a 3% increase compared with February 2003 and 10% increase compared with February 2002. Motels (up 53,000 or 5 percent) recorded the largest absolute increase in guest nights, followed by backpackers/hostels (up 41,000 or 11 percent). Motels had the largest share of total guest nights in February 2004 with 33 percent, followed by hotels with 30 percent and caravan parks/camping grounds with 2 2 percent. 1.7 CONCLUSIONS This research has highlighted a number of key issues in the relationship between ICT adoption and accommodation use/demand in the New Zealand hotel sector. The main findings can be summarised as follows: In common with other parts of the world, the New Zealand accommodation sector is becoming increasingly reliant on ICT. Large hotels have already invested heavily and are now enhancing and fine-tuning their use of more mature technologies. For small operations the take-off in ICT use has occurred more recently. Future investment in ICT is unlikely to slow. The Internet and the use of on-line information by consumers and suppliers are playing a major role in influencing overall accommodation industry performance and organisation. The impact of on-line booking is being felt across all segments of the industry. As the Internet evolves into a single, powerful information highway supported by diverse technology applications, there will be many opportunities for more flexible and efficient sales processes, data-warehousing, customized service provision and labour monitoring. 1.8 RECOMMENDATION While ICT will continue to improve efficiency and reduce cost in the large accommodation sector its main role in the future is seen as the facilitation, provision, and monitoring of service quality and the blurring of divisions between departments and different properties. There is a clear sense that technologys major impact on job reduction has already occurred. There is a real need for workers to have a deeper understanding of not just the technology itself, but also of how the technology is embedded within overall business operations and performance. The task of the improving service and performance through ICT adoption in accommodation organizations is complex. The implementation of technology may very well assist in improving service quality but research shows quite clearly that technology and information alone do not confer competitive advantage. If managers want to convert ICT investments into real service quality and performance improvements they must understand its links to, and impacts on, workers, managers and suppliers. In simple term the work of managers is becoming more complex and they too increasingly require a deeper understanding of ICT as a business tool and its potential applications in the business setting. In recent years accommodation businesses have been influenced by substantial ICT change, both from within and outside the industry. The experience gained in recovering from adverse impacts, or from adapting to take advantage of new opportunities, has been hard won. Lessons learnt from such valuable experiences need to be shared to ensure the continued development of the industry. At the same time it is clear that the role of ICT in the industry will grow and evolve in the next few decades, bringing with it a range of new labour and training need. There is widespread consensus that formal training in the sector falls short of the evolving industry requirements for skilled workers. Hotel and tourism schools appear to be having problems keeping up with technological changes which require. In concluding the researcher is of the opinion that there is a need to better facilitate access to training programmes for operators, their staff, and cluster organisations. Improved feedback to industry on tourism demand and supply trends is required, and the establishment of formalised communication between tourist and tertiary providers is increasingly necessary. Recent initiatives highlighted in the Tourism Strategy will certainly help to overcome these issues. It will also be important to monitor the efforts made by groups like the CTC in Canada and Service Skills Victoria in Australia, as they establish new bodies that link the accommodation industry and training providers together to lead workforce development for the sector. Such bodies have the potential to assist industries, enterprises, and their workforce to integrate skills development with business goals. Based on the above role of ICT in the hotel industry, the impact of ICT on the accommodation sector can not be measured. Words count 4,286

Another Canada Essay -- essays research papers

When people think of Canada and then compare it to the United States of America, they always tend to think it is similar. At least I did until I started this project. I always thought that Canada was a clone or mirror of America, but I was wrong. About 99.75% of the Canadian people consider ice as something that they use in a drink or something that is always on the road that needs salt. For the rest of the Canadians, ice is a major barrier of life. The ice can be used as a helpful thing to. It could be crafted into a refrigerator. It could also be used as a racetrack for snowmobiles. Now how many ice refrigerators do you find in America? I don’t think the climate in America and support something like that. Eighty percent of Canada is in a subartic zone. While America sits comfortably in the tropical wet-dry to continental humid climate zone. The main population in Canada is rested in between the January temps. of -2Â °F and 14Â °F. Whereas Americas’ main population is in the 41Â °F to 32Â °F range. For Canada, the climate reaches the extremes during winter. About 95% of Canada is 14Â °F and below. America’s winter is about 23Â °F-41Â °F. The dramatic difference may have affected the difference of population. The average population in Canada is 26 people per mi. Â ², compared to 128 people per mi. Â ² in America. I think that the people are more densely populated in the US because the weather is more tolerable. The weather also affects what is grown and produced in the two countries. Canada g...

Junk Food Essay

Hello, my name is Daniela and I am here today to share my opinion about banning junk food, and hopefully I change your opinion, if you disagree with me. Well, junk food is food that’s very high in fat, sugar, and calories. It hardly has protein, vitamins, or minerals. I know it may be very tasty and good, but it’s not so good for your body. Eating junk food can cause your brain to get addicted to it in a way like drugs do. You’ll constantly think you need it, when you don’t. If you go a couple weeks without junk food and you’re use to eating it, you’ll want it even more, which is bad. Poor eating habits as a kid, become worse when you’re an adult. Eating it for years can cause obesity. Over 31. 8% of children in America are obese or overweight. This all leads to heart problems, diabetes, and other health problems. It can also cause cavities and other dental problems. Junk food also has a lack of oxygen, which is what feeds the brain and the rest of the body. Lack of oxygen causes fatigue and lack of concentration. A lot of studies also show that kid’s grades are sliding down very fast, due to being tired and lack of concentration. They can’t keep all the information they’re learning in their head. Parents should monitor their kid’s diet, but at school they can’t. Therefore the school should help the students in deciding what’s better for their nutrition. Kids do what they see other people do no matter if it’s bad or good. They see us eating a lot of junk food; they’ll eat a lot of junk food. They see us being healthy; they’ll want to become healthy. So why teach them that eating a lot of junk food is healthy? At home, maybe some parents may not care what their kid eats; therefore they should at least have one healthy meal provided by the school. Many students like to go and socialize with their friends during lunch since they can’t really talk or see each other any other times during school. Therefore, they’ll want to just grab a quick snack, like a type of junk food, and just leave to go talk with their friends. They aren’t eating a good meal and are just putting junk in their body. It’s much better if the school bans it and replaces the junk food with a healthy snack so at least the person can be eating something good for them. What if the school makes you take P. E. more than you’re required to since they decided to keep junk food? I know many of you hate it. So I don’t know about you, but I rather be eating healthy, than be trying to lose those calories I got from the junk food. I rather not even be taking P. E. another year just because they decided to keep that junk. Also, students are taught in health classes about healthy eating, and if the schools promotes and sells junk food, then the school contradicts its purpose of teaching this. The money you waste on junk food funds most of the cool and new stuff we get for our school. The school board should be paying for this stuff. They’re basically making money off your poor health choices. I hope you see things my way now and think about supporting the idea of banning junk food in school. Thank you for your listening!

Personality Theory Analysis Essay

In human nature, personality is explained in various ways depending on the environment an individual lives in. Personality is the traits and characteristics of an individual unique ways of expressing his or her feelings towards any situation in his or her social circle. The learning theory is explained as the process in which humans learn and how they adapt to permanent behavioral change in the environment. Humanistic and existential theories are the holistic approach to psychological health and human behavior toward meaning, values, personal experience, and self-actualization. The knowledge of both humanistic and existential and learning theories gives a board insight into human nature and personal reaction and growth in the external environment of one’s personality (University of Phoenix, 2013). The learning theory is examine how an individual’s reacts to his or her personal environment and the behavior conditions which one displays in his or her environment. B. F. Skinner theory of behaviorism explains how a person is held accountable for his or her actions with the illusion of self-control. Skinner argues the choice of free will or genetics shape the environmental factors of reinforced behaviors. He believed that people are a product of his or her environment. Skinner believed that positive reinforcements strengths an individual’s behaviors by providing a sense of consequences and rewards for the reinforcement (University of Phoenix, 2013). Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory redefines the assumption human functioning is a combination of genetics and influences from the environment. Bandura proposes humans are capable of self-efficacy from using his or her external and internal instincts. Bandura believed through personal strengths influences the way a person reacts to different situation that can affect a person’s behavior. Observation learning is proposed in Bandura’s theory. He believed that people learn from his or her environment when placed in various situations  (University of Phoenix, 2013). Learning happens in a cause and effect relationship in the environment. The cause would be the reaction to a behavior in the environment and the effect would be the consequences an individual faces from the reaction to the situation in the environment. Individuals are placed in similar experiences to determine what the outcome will be in the situation. The individual becomes passive and simply react to the experience he or she is going through. Cognitive learning explains how a person’s rational thinking and behavior determines a person’s complex responds to a behavior from individual thought process (University of Phoenix, 2013). The humanistic approach is implemented when an individual has reached self-fulfillment or potential growth. The way a person reacts in situational behavior depends on the level of potential behavior one is capable to re sponding too. Maslow suggests the driving force in a person motivation and personality needs is called holistic dynamic theory. A person’s motivation is created from another need to another need in personal growth and self -actualization. Maslow believed a person needs are being met when he or she satisfy a lower need (University of Phoenix, 2013). Carl Rogers believed that humans evolved from a conscious mind through formal tendencies. Rogers agreed with Maslow that individuals motivated toward self-actualization of a person’s personal growth in his or her environment. Rogers’s person-centered theory focused on a person’s constructive and personal directions in his or her life. With self-awareness, a person is free to make choices and participate in his or her own personalities. He suggested that people focused on his or her current subjective understanding rather than the unconscious motive interpretation of the current situation. Rogers’s relationships encourage psychological growth within individuals (University of Phoenix, 2013). The existential theory explains that individuals are responsible for his or her own choices that he or she makes in a formal or informal decision. Rollo May believed that anxiety and informal decisions are the factors in human motivation. The anxieties come from an individual’s mental state of mind and are prone to avoid anxiety. May’s believed that individuals show move to his or her own destiny (University of Phoenix, 2013). The learning theory is an accumulation of learned behavior that will increased through a person’s life span. Individuals stem from situational behaviors to gain possible reinforcement  and reward from the decisions he or she makes. Skinner believed the environment shaped a person’s personality from the environment he or she resides in. The environment influences a person’s character and traits to make decisions to gain personal rewards. The humanistic and existential theory moves toward fulfillment and the realization of an individual growth for his or her needs (University of Phoenix, 2013). Rollo May believed a person have to maintain a healthy relationship with others, but in the end will be alone. Abraham Maslow insists through self-actualization a person will gain the feelings of others, but will not rely on others for self-esteem or personal gain. Rogers believed through a caregiver responds to promote psychological growth in a child. Humanism emphasized on the interpersonal relationship that is essential to personal development in a person’s personality. In interpersonal relationship, a personal will have confidence in social gatherings he or she holds close to them. Bandura proposed an individual learning comes from observation learning from a person’s observation in making a critical or informal decision (University of Phoenix, 2013). From the learning perspective side, people associate with others to receive reinforcement or rewards from social interactions. People continue to form associations with others to reinforce a particular behavior from ot hers around them. People make inform judgments in protecting his or her environment from natural forces or people trying to inflict personal harm towards them. When reinforcement is not applied, people will maintain a healthy relationship through personal association to gain reinforcement. People learn from his or her environment and if is placed into a different environment, then the individual will have to adjustment in a new situation. By taking a person what of his or her comfort zone, the individual will able to adapt of different environment needs and make decision accordingly. The theory relates more to nature verses nurture when an individual needs are being met for personal growth and development in his or her new surrounding environment (University of Phoenix, 2013). The existential theory concentrated on the free will of an individual to make any decision he or she chooses. The theory drives on the sense of well-being and to be in the world to maintain a healthy psychological growth. If a p erson decides to on making bad choices, he or she will have to answer to them. The choices a person makes show his or her character and personality traits of how to make  an inform decision. He or she wants let any other person cloud his or her decision-making and will rely on his or her own judgment. The results can be either constructive or deconstructive role in the decision making process (University of Phoenix, 2013). Social constructivism is defined as behavior or knowledge constructed from person’s behavior based on new ideas a person gain from past and present knowledge or experiences. Bandura believed a person learns from experience and through observation personal growth and development was shorten. The beliefs are essential component of personal development that depends on the social environment others within another’s environment. The genetic factors contributed to the social influences by others in constructing his or her own personality in significant individuals. The action did not encourage the behavior, but changed the events of the behavior. The social relationship changes the perspective of one’s view within another’s environment and emotional state of mind. The personal development will be what the individual gain from his or her learning experiences (University of Phoenix, 2013). Maslow laid the foundation in understanding the characteristics of a healthy and normal person. His theory of self-actualization gave the perception of reality, straightforwardness, and genuine characteristics of an individual’s personality traits. Many individuals have the need for solitude and independence to appreciate the ordinary things in life. People need to indulge in social interests, seek social experiences, maintain a few interpersonal relationships, and have an idealistic sense of humor to properly functions in today society (University of Phoenix, 2013). Learning theories is the human learning that is results from behavior and personality in an individual’s environment with internal considerations. Humanistic and existential theory is the tendency for internal drive of self- predetermination. The behavior viewed as a movement toward actualization and situational behavior as reinforce or reward. The aspect of interpersonal growth with each theory discussed. The perspectives affect by situational behavior in distant characterizations of human nature. The personal development of an individual when placed in a social setting and the decision- making he or she encounter in his or her environment. The diversity of reasoning related to thought and understanding of human nature from a psychological point of view. References Colman, A. M. (Ed.). (2010). Humanistic psychology. In Oxford Reference Online. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/pub/views/home.html McLeod, S. (2007). Carl Rogers. Simply Pychology. Retrieved March 7, 2015 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html University of Phoenix. (2013). Theories of Personality. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY405 website.